Inflammatory index of the diet according to adherence to dietary patterns and its relationship with the presence of breast cancer in Córdoba

Abstract

Previous studies have identified characteristic dietary patterns associated with the occurrence of breast cancer (BC). It is presumed that these associations could be due to the inflammatory potential of these patterns. Purpose: To determine the inflammatory index of the diet (IID) according to adherence to dietary patterns and analyze its association with the presence of BC in women aged 25 to 85 in Córdoba, 2021-2024.

A case-control study for BC. A quanti-qualitative questionnaire was used to assess biosociocultural aspects, physical activity, and dietary intake. Dietary patterns were identified, and for each subject, the adherence score to the patterns and the IID were calculated. Logistic regression models were applied to analyze the association between variables of interest and the occurrence of BC.

66 BC cases; 132 controls. The IID of the prudent pattern was lower compared to the feminine southern cone and pastry pattern. The adherence score to the prudent pattern was inversely correlated with the IID. High adherence to the feminine southern cone pattern with high IID increased the chance of developing BC almost six times. The prudent pattern with low or intermediate IID reduced the chance of BC occurrence.

The IID partly explains the protective or promoting effect of the patterns. This highlights the importance of considering these dietary indicators together as they provide more elements for understanding the effects of characteristic patterns of our population on BC.