Surgical anatomy in cadavers, with osteosynthesis plates of the calcaneus

Abstract

Fractures of the calcaneus are 60% of fractures of the tarsal bones and 2% of all fractures. These fractures generally have a catastrophic outcome if they are not well treated or if they are not poorly reduced. Reviewing the anatomy of the calcaneus, we see that the lateral face lends itself to being a good surface for the placement of osteosynthesis plates. Over time, various models of low-profile reconstruction plates were developed, the LeTournel Y-plate, the Tampa AO plate and ACE-Depuy perimeter plate for interarticular fractures. Objective: to describe the qualities of calcaneal osteosynthesis plates for better pre-surgical planning.

A total descriptive exploratory anatomical study of 10 cadaveric calcaneal bones from the normal anatomy department with Sanders II, II, IV interarticular fractures with their different varieties was carried out. 

The Letournel Y plate had a good reduction with the help of 3.5 mm intrafragmentary screws in 100% of the calcaneus, to improve the reduction and compression of the intra-articular fracture of the posterior facet and anterior apophysis. The Tampa AO plate had a very good reduction and compression using an intrafragmentary 3.5mm screw for the articular reduction of the articular facet. We also saw that this type of plate lends itself to being better molded, becoming more anatomical in its placement. The ACE-Depuy perimeter plate, complete coverage of the lateral wall of the calcaneus is achieved and also the medial support that runs through the center of the plate is designed to provide added strength to the whole and support in case of comminution of the lateral wall .

The perimeter plate is the best option in interarticular calcaneal fractures, providing good coverage of the entire lateral wall while maintaining reduction.