Presencia de obesidad y su asociación con alimentos fuente de fibra y azúcares simples, desde un enfoque de determinantes sociales, en la ciudad de Córdoba durante los años 2020/2021

Abstract

Obesity is a chronic, heterogeneous and multifactorial disease. Regarding this last concept, the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) become relevant, which influence the development of obesity, such as material and psychosocial circumstances, behavioral factors (including diet), biological factors, social cohesion and the health system. The aim of the present work was to assess the association between intermediate SDH, mainly diet, and obesity in adults residing in Córdoba city in 2020/2021.

 A population-based, cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out on adults from Córdoba, who were selected based on a multistage random sampling approach. A total of 919 subjects participated in a validated survey that examines different aspects such as demographic, anthropometric measurements and physical activity, and intake through a food frequency questionnaire. The nutritional status was analyzed according to the presence of obesity (through the Body Mass Index). 95 % confidence intervals were estimated to evaluate the prevalence of the disease and models of logistic regression were built to assess the correlation between obesity and SDH of interest, stratifying by sex.

The prevalence of obesity was 21,96% (CI95% 0,1929-0,2481). Foods source of simple sugars (g/day) were positively associated with the presence of obesity (OR:1,0008; CI95%1,00003-1,00159). When stratifying by sex, this correlation was significant only in women (OR:1,0012; CI95%1,0001-1,0023). In relation to the intake of food sources of fiber, an inverse correlation between obesity and the quantified consumption per g/day was found. This correlation was significant only in men (OR:0,9958; CI95%0,9921-0,9994). In addition, the weekly intake of this food group was inversely associated with the presence of obesity (OR: 0,9747; CI95% 0,9574-0,9924), being significant only in men (OR: 0,9474; IC95% 0,9101-0,9861). Furthermore, the socio-economic conditions, physical activity, access to a health care system, the presence of comorbidities and exposure to pollutants at work, were linked to the presence of obesity.

Considering the SDH approach, a diet with a low fiber and high simple sugar intake has a negative impact on health, being associated with the presence of obesity.