Daily intake of different types of fatty acids associated with dietary patterns and their relationship with the TP53-codon 72 polymorphism and the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

Abstract: 

Current evidence on diet-cancer interaction remains incomplete, particularly in oral carcinoma (OC). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship among daily saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) intake and eating patterns in people with / without OC, during a minimum period of five years, and its possible relationship with SNP TP53-R72P.  A retrospective case-control study (n = 79), matched by sex and age (21-85 years old), was carried out. Dietary information was collected using a quantitative food frequency survey validated for Cordoba population. TP53-R72P alleles were determined using conventional PCR. The Mann–Whitney U test and logistic regression were applied to assess the association between case/control status and FAs intake adjusted by alcohol/tobacco, respectively. Dietary patterns were identified by principal component factor analysis. The intake of saturated FAs such as myristic (p = 0.037), palmitic (p = 0.004), stearic (p = 0.009), arachidic (p = 0.012), monounsaturated such as palmitoleic (p = 0.013), oleic (p = 0.002) and polyunsaturated as linoleic (p = 0.0006) and alpha-linoleic (p = 0.003) was higher in cases.

Omega6/omega3 ratio was significantly higher in cases (p = 0.003). The mutated C allele was more frequent in cases (p = 0.0061) than controls. All surveyed patients with OC were heterozygous for TP53-R72. In addition, they presented a high consumption of total fats in relation to controls.

The studied population presented a dietary pattern described as “Western diet”;  related with a high daily intake of meat, eggs and alcohol; it was remarkable an association between red meat consumption and the presence of OC (p = 0.015). This diet has a high amount of omega-6 FAs, which leads to an increase in arachidonic acid and its derivatives, than have been related to the risk of OC. The presence of mutated TP53-R72P allele in OC patients is related to the loss of ability to induce apoptosis. The presence of both risk factors, diet and presence of a mutated polymorphic variant, could linked to an increaserisk of developing OC.