Periodontal-gingival health status in the Dentistry Service of Maternity Provincial of Córdoba

Abstract

Periodontal Disease (PD) is a prevalent and chronic microbial/inflammatory disease and its leads to the loss of supportive tissue of the tooth. PD can be exacerbated by vascular and hormonal changes due to pregnant and the tissue response to be more reactive for the presence of bacterial plaque. The literature describes an association between PD and premature births.

The propose of the study was to know the periodonto health status by applying the Community Periodontal Index (IPNTC) associated with socioeconomic variables, levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), concentration of Ig A and Ig G in saliva of women attending the Dentistry Service in the Maternity Provincial of Córdoba.

In a cross-sectional descriptive study from March to November 2017, 100 pregnant women and 50 non-pregnant women were recruited by multistage sampling (assistants to gynecology and dental services), who signed a consent to participate in the project (Registration RePIS 3065/16). Periodontal parameters were evaluated. The IPNTC was determined as indicated by WHO. The concentration of PCR, IG A and Ig G in total saliva without stimulation was quantified. Data were analyzed with tests χ2, Kruskas Wallis or T test as be appropriate. A p <0.05 was considered significant. Infostat 2018/P software was used.

Seventy-one percent of pregnant women were between 18 and 25 years old, 38% before pregnancy had normal weight and 25.5% were overweight. The frequency of premature births was 18.2% and of low birth weight of 15.6%. According to the IPNTC to the 40% were recommended: Oral hygiene instruction and Scraping and Root smoothing as a treatment (IPNTC grade 3). The frequency of brushing hemorrhage in pregnant and non-pregnant women showed a difference (p=0.0001). 46% of patients with IPNTC 3 were associated with CRP concentrations greater than 3 ng/µl with a p=0.0452 (95% CI). The concentration of Ig A is higher in pregnant women (p = 0.0204).

Most of the patients presented good periodontal health and could be treated with Basic Therapy by non-specialist dentists. Only the 6.1% of patients should be referred to the periodontist