Alterações cognitivas decorrentes da quimioterapia em pacientes com câncer de mama:
uma revisão de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v80.n2.40533Palavras-chave:
tratamiento farmacológico, neoplasias da mama, comprometimento cognitivo relacionado á quimioterapiaResumo
Introdução: Pacientes com câncer de mama podem apresentar dificuldades cognitivas ao receber quimioterapia. Esta alteração é chamada de Comprometimento Cognitivo Quimioinduzido, também é conhecido como Chemobrain ou Chemofog. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil cognitivo e as características da avaliação neuropsicológica dessa população. Método: Foram consultadas as bases de dados PubMed, SpringerLink e SciELO. Foram selecionados artigos de 1994 a setembro de 2021. Foram utilizadas palavras-chave relacionadas ao tema do estudo. Resultados: A quimioterapia pode causar comprometimento cognitivo entre 15 e 50% das mulheres. Essa alteração é de etiologia múltipla e pode estar associada a fatores biológicos e alterações funcionais e/ou estruturais do SNC. Fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e psicológicos devem ser considerados como variáveis moduladoras. Manifesta-se principalmente em problemas de memória, função executiva, atenção e velocidade de processamento. Essa alteração pode ser mensurada por meio dos instrumentos de avaliação neuropsicológica disponíveis. Discussão e conclusão: Sugere-se que o comprometimento cognitivo induzido pela quimioterapia seja incorporado ao consentimento informado. Recomenda-se um maior desenvolvimento de estudos longitudinais que sejam complementados com técnicas de neuroimagem que nos permitam avançar no conhecimento deste problema. Propõe-se um protocolo de avaliação neuropsicológica, que inclui testes de triagem, escalas clínicas, testes neuropsicológicos específicos e de qualidade de vida, de acordo com as recomendações da International Cognition and Cancer Task Force..
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