Estudios citogenéticos y morfo-anatómicos comparativos entre diploides y poliploides de Solanum elaeagnifolium (Solanaceae).
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v56.n2.32517Palavras-chave:
Estomas, masa de semillas, plasticidad fenotípica, poliploidía, Solanum elaeagnifolium.Resumo
Introducción y objetivos: Solanum elaeagnifolium, morfológicamente variable, se multiplica sexual- y asexualmente y es invasora en distintas partes del mundo. Se desconoce su rango de origen y como se propagó fuera de él. En Argentina existen poblaciones naturales diploides, tetraploides y hexaploides. Presenta tres linajes genéticos claramente distanciados, dos en Sudamérica con poblaciones poliploides y un tercero solo con diploides en América del Norte y áreas invadidas. Nuestro objetivo es detectar relaciones entre nivel de ploidía, linaje y procedencia con características morfológicas de las plantas y variables climáticas.
M&M: Se realizaron preparados cromosómicos y mediciones de caracteres de epidermis, flor y semilla, en individuos 2x, 4x y 6x de diferente linaje y origen geográfico. Se compararon los valores medios obtenidos mediantes tests estadísticos y la similitud global se evaluó mediante análisis multivariados.
Resultados: Únicamente número de estomas y masa de semillas resultaron significativamente diferentes entre niveles de ploidía: el citotipo tetraploide, presenta menor número de estomas y semillas más pesadas. Las restantes variables morfoanatómicas contribuyen a la diferenciación global de los citotipos, aunque no se comprobó que las medias variaran proporcionalmente con el aumento de ploidía. La precipitación media anual contribuye a la discriminación entre citotipos, coincidiendo la distribución occidental de los tetraploides con la diagonal árida en Argentina.
Conclusiones: Las diferencias en el tetraploide no pueden atribuirse a un efecto de la poliploidización. El patrón global de datos podría explicarse por múltiples orígenes independientes de la poliploidía, plasticidad fenotípica y presiones del ambiente (temperatura, precipitaciones, distintos ensambles de polinizadores).
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Copyright (c) 2021 Miguel Mancini, Franco Chiarini, Ana Calviño, Laura Stiefkens
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Proporciona ACESSO ABERTO imediato e livre ao seu conteúdo sob o princípio de tornar a pesquisa livremente disponível ao público, o que promove uma maior troca de conhecimento global, permitindo que os autores mantenham seus direitos autorais sem restrições. 
Material publicado em Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. é distribuído sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. 
