Comparative cytogenetic and morpho-anatomical study among diploids and polyploids of Solanum elaeagnifolium (Solanaceae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v56.n2.32517Keywords:
Phenotypic plasticity, polyploidy, seed mass, Solanum elaeagnifolium, stomataAbstract
Background and aims: Solanum elaeagnifolium, morphologically variable, multiplies sexually and asexually and is invasive worldwide. Its range of origin and how it spread outside of it is unknown. In Argentina there are natural diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid populations. It presents three clearly separated genetic lineages, two in South America with polyploid populations and a third with only diploids in North America and invaded areas. Our aim is to detect relationships among ploidy levels, lineages and provenance with morphological features of the plants and climatic variables.
M&M: Chromosomal preparations and measurements of epidermal, floral and seed features were made in 2x, 4x and 6x individuals from different lineages and geographic origin. The mean values obtained were compared by statistical tests and the global similarity assessed by multivariate analyses.
Results: Only number of stomata and seed mass were significantly different between ploidy levels: the tetraploid cytotype has fewer stomata and heavier seeds. The remaining morphoanatomical variables contribute to the global differentiation of cytotypes, although it was not found that the means varied proportionally with increasing ploidy. Mean annual rainfall contributes to the separation of cytotypes, the western distribution of tetraploids coinciding with the arid diagonal in Argentina.
Conclusions: The differences in the tetraploid cannot be attributed to a polyploidization effect. The global pattern of data could be explained by multiple independent origins of polyploidy, phenotypic plasticity, and environmental pressures (temperature, rainfall, different pollinator assemblages).
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