Orígenes de la Salud y la Enfermedad
Palabras clave:
biología del desarrollo, hipótesis de barkerResumen
Presentar un nuevo campo del conocimiento, que estudia los orígenes de la salud y la enfermedad a través del desarrollo evolutivo del ser humano, abordando conceptos, métodos e estudio, aspectos éticos y diferentes perspectivas referidas a ésta área del saber. Material y métodos: Revisión de la literatura, para obtener referencias pertinentes y actualizadas relacionadas con el tema. Resultados: Los estudios recientes demuestran asociaciones entre eventos ocurridos en fases tempranas del desarrollo somático y el aumento del riesgo para presentar enfermedades crónicas a lo largo de la vida, tales como diabetes, obesidad y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Se han propuesto diferentes modelos para explicar esas asociaciones, como la teoría del fenotipo frugal, la programación, las respuestas adaptativas predictivas y el concepto de concordancia o contraste. Algunos de los posibles mecanismos involucrados en estos procesos son: efectos del ambiente sobre la expresión génica, a través e mecanismos epigenéticos; efectos de señales hormonales transmitidos al feto a través de a placenta o al neonato por la leche materna.
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