Socket preservation. Comparative histological study in humans between osteodens and Bio-Oss used as filler material

Abstract

After the loss of a tooth, there is a decrease in the volume of residual socket bone in length and width. Currently, different filler materials are used in alveolus preservation techniques in order to preserve the volume and height of the residual bone. The purpose of the presetn work was to evaluate the behavior of two different brands of bovine origin (Osteodens and Bio-Oss) inorganic matrix as filling materials in socket preservation through histomorphometry. 

Twelve socket preservation techniques were used, where Osteodens (n=6) and Bio-Oss (n=6) were considered as filling material. At 4 to 5 months from this procedure, biopsies were taken at the time of the dental implant. Individual images were taken and the surfaces of neoformed bone tissue, remnant particles and connective tissue were measured. For the statistical analysis, t-tests and linear regression models were performed.

The overall percentages of remaining graft were a bit lower in Bio-Oss compared to Osteodens, while the average percentage of neoformed bone tissue was higher in Bio-Oss. In a first analysis according to sector and time, without separating in groups according to the biomaterial, it was observed: for the sector evaluated, the average percentages of remaining graft were similar, but not the bone tissue, with larger neoformed surfaces in later sectors. Regarding time, the average percentages of neoforming bone tissue were notoriously different, with larger neoformed surfaces in longer biopsies. Results in relation to the study of variables (sector, time and biomaterial) on percentage of neoformed bone, the month factor is the only one with significant influence (p=0.001), sector and biomaterial were not significant (p=0.35). None of the factors showed a significant influence on the amount of remaining graft (p>0.05), but they explain the variability of the data (graft). The differences in medium values between biomaterials are biger in 4 months biopsies, with a higher percentage of graft remaining in Osteodens, although this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.686). In longer biopsies (4.5 to 5 months), the differences between biomaterials were few and even less significant (p=1,00) and with a slightly lower mean in Osteodens.

Bio-Oss and Osteodens have a similar behavior when are used as fillers in socket preservation techniques with a significant difference in the time variable.