Los caminos de montaña afectan a la riqueza de plantas nativas y exóticas a lo largo del gradiente de elevación en los Andes Áridos.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v58.n1.38527Palavras-chave:
Andes, Áreas protegidas, Biodiversidad, Disturbios antrópicos, Flora Andina, Invasiones de plantas, TurismoResumo
Introducción y objetivos: Para contribuir al conocimiento y conservación de la flora de los Andes áridos exploramos cómo los caminos vehiculares y la elevación modulan la composición y riqueza en las comunidades vegetales. Además, buscamos estimar el grado de invasión de la comunidad e identificar a las especies exóticas más comunes en tres áreas protegidas de Mendoza.
M&M: Registramos la composición y abundancia de plantas nativas y exóticas en el gradiente de elevación (desde 1700 m hasta 3900 m s.n.m) de tres caminos vehiculares (Villavicencio, Cordón del Plata, y Manzano-Portillo). En cada camino se localizaron 20 transectas tipo “T” de acuerdo al protocolo MIREN (www.mountaininvasions.org).
Resultados: Identificamos 357 especies, 42 fueron exóticas (12%). La cobertura de exóticas fue mayor en Cordón del Plata (23%) que en las otras áreas protegidas (Manzano 11%, Villavicencio 6%). La mayoría de las plantas exóticas son herbáceas, excepto Rosa rubiginosa. El 64% de las especies nativas y el 45% de exóticas fueron exclusivas de un área protegida, y la composición de nativas y de exóticas fue diferente entre las áreas protegidas. La riqueza de exóticas fue mayor en cercanía al camino y decreció cuadráticamente con la elevación, pero para explicar la riqueza de nativas es necesario considerar la interacción entre elevación y distancia al camino. La riqueza de nativas cerca del camino fue constante en el gradiente de elevación (~15 especies) pero mostró una relación lineal decreciente lejos del camino.
Conclusiones: Los caminos alteran los patrones de distribución de las especies a lo largo de la elevación en los Andes.
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