Distribución de una leñosa exótica invasora en un sistema de montaña ¿ocupan Cotoneaster franchetii y la leñosa nativa Polylepis australis (Rosaceae) hábitats similares?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v58.n1.38464Palabras clave:
áreas protegidas, gradiente altitudinal, invasión de montañas, Parque Nacional Quebrada del Condorito, plantas exóticas, preferencia de hábitat, Sierras de CórdobaResumen
Introducción y objetivos: El aumento de plantas invasoras en ecosistemas de altura amenaza la conservación de la biodiversidad y de los servicios ecosistémicos en áreas protegidas de montaña. En este trabajo evaluamos si una leñosa exótica, Cotoneaster franchetii Bois, responde a la heterogeneidad ambiental de manera similar a la leñosa nativa dominante, Polylepis australis Bitter, o si puede ocupar una mayor variedad de hábitats dado el carácter generalista que se espera de ella.
M&M: Registramos la ocurrencia y cobertura de ambas especies en 120 parcelas entre los 1200 y los 2200 msnm, dentro y en inmediaciones del Parque Nacional Quebrada del Condorito y la Reserva Hídrica Pampa de Achala (Córdoba, Argentina). Comparamos su distribución en relación con la vegetación y la topografía.
Resultados: Cada especie dominó en altitudes diferentes pero, a escala local, ambas fueron más frecuentes en valles y laderas sur, con menor cobertura de pajonal y mayor cobertura rocosa y pendiente. Al contrario que la nativa, la cobertura de C. franchetii no se vio afectada por las características topográficas ni de la vegetación circundante.
Conclusiones: La elevada ocurrencia de C. franchetii y la ausencia de restricciones para aumentar su cobertura una vez establecida sugieren un elevado potencial invasor. Su expansión representa un riesgo directo para P. australis por preferir hábitats similares. Al igual que en la expansión altitudinal, una elevada tolerancia ambiental promovería la invasión por leñosas hacia la vegetación natural en montañas
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