Fitorremediación con Salvinia minima (Salvineaceae): identificación de biomarcadores temporales durante la remoción de Cr(VI)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v59.n3.44742Palabras clave:
Biomarcadores, Metales Pesados, Remediación, SalviniaResumen
Introducción y objetivo: La contaminación por metales pesados, y en particular por cromo hexavalente, es un tema de preocupación mundial debido a la alta toxicidad y persistencia ambiental que exhibe este metal. La fitorremediación surge como una tecnología económica para la recuperación de ambientes contaminados por metales. Las macrófitas acuáticas, como Salvinia mínima, son excelentes candidatas como especies remediadoras de cuerpos de agua. Para optimizar su utilización es importante la identificación de biomarcadores eficientes y confiables. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar un análisis temporal de distintos parámetros bioquímicos para identificar tanto biomarcadores a la exposición a Cr(VI) como el momento más apropiado para su análisis en plantas de S. minima bajo condiciones de laboratorio.
M&M: Se cultivaron ejemplares de S. mínima en presencia y ausencia de cromo hexavalente, durante siete días, en condiciones controladas de luz y temperatura. Se tomaron muestras de tejidos y de la solución de cultivo a los 0, 2, 4 y 7 días. Se cuantificaron los niveles de H2O2, malondialdehído, fenoles solubles e insolubles y sacarosa, en pinnas flotantes y raquis sumergido. En la solución de tratamiento se determinó Cr(VI) remanente. Todas las determinaciones se realizaron espectrofotométricamente.
Resultados: Los resultados permitieron identificar, entre los parámetros seleccionados, biomarcadores tempranos (malondialdehído), de mediano plazo (sacarosa y fenoles insolubles) y tardíos (peróxido de hidrógeno).
Conclusiones: Se analizan y discuten las implicancias fisiológicas de las variaciones observadas.
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