Pigmentos sintetizados por hongos negros y su impacto en el deterioro del patrimonio documental en papel
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v57.n2.36580Palabras clave:
biodeterioro, conservación, melaninas, hongos negros, papelResumen
Introducción y objetivos: Los documentos en papel custodiados en museos y bibliotecas pueden mostrar signos notorios de deterioro causados por la actividad de diferentes hongos. Algunos de los principales colorantes de origen fúngico que deterioran estéticamente este sustrato y afectan al patrimonio cultural en soporte celulósico son los pigmentos oscuros o melaninas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es brindar un panorama actualizado del estado de arte de los hongos negros que colonizan papel y las melaninas que sintetizan, ocasionando un daño importante al patrimonio documental, el cual es una fuente inigualable para la historia de los pueblos.
M&M: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de la información actualizada y disponible sobre los pigmentos oscuros que sintetizan diferentes hongos negros que deterioran papel. Para ello se analizaron 74 trabajos especializados en el tema; la mayoría de ellos de reciente publicación en revistas nacionales e internacionales.
Resultados: El conocimiento sobre la diversidad y las características de los pigmentos oscuros que son sintetizados por los hongos negros que deterioran papel es clave para desarrollar estrategias de prevención y remediación para eliminar estos pigmentos de soportes celulósicos con valor patrimonial. Este trabajo presenta información sobre los hongos negros que deterioran papel, los tipos de melaninas que pueden sintetizar, las estructuras donde se acumulan, y su contribución en el deterioro estético de los materiales mencionados
Conclusiones: Este conocimiento sirve de base para desarrollar nuevas estrategias de restauración que pudieran ser efectivas y sustentables y que aseguren la conservación preventiva de documentos históricos y obras de arte en papel.
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