Comparative anatomy and morphometric analyses of Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae) from southern South America
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v57.n2.36825Keywords:
Anatomy, epidermis, lamina, morphometric analyses, petiole, Polystichum, rhizomeAbstract
Background and aims: Polystichum is represented in Argentina and Chile by
11 species, which originated within the Austral South American and the Andean
lineages. The taxonomy of Polystichum is controversial because of its widespread
hybridization and complex patterns of reticulation. The aims of the present study
are: 1) to define morpho-anatomical characters that contribute to the differentiation of both lineages, 2) to improve the species delimitation.
M&M: Morphological measurements and histological examinations under light
microscope, were made of fronds and rhizomes of nine Polystichum species
(seven belong to the Austral South American Clade and two to the Andean Clade). Furthermore, 13 quantitative characters of 77 Austral South American herbarium specimens were included in two multivariate statistical procedures.
Results: The main characters we found that separate the South American Austral
clade from the Andean species studied are: indusia, spinules of ultimate segments
and edge of rhizomes and petioles scales. In the South American Austral clade, we
found shape and division of lamina, basal pinnae length, the number of pinnae pairs
per lamina and the number of them with sori, and some anatomical features, such
as glandular hairs of indusia, circumendodermal band and petiole meristemeles number, are informative characters at the species level.
Conclusions: For the first time, our study recovered anatomical and morphometric
features that consistently can be used to separate the nine Polystichum species
inhabit southern South America.
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