Euterpe edulis Mart. (Arecaceae) fruits multiple uses: The conservation of germinative power as a key aspect for its management
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v56.n4.32130Keywords:
Atlantic Forest, edible fruit, jejy’a, local management, Palmito, productive diversificationAbstract
Introduction and objectives: Euterpe edulis is an endemic palm tree of the Atlantic Forest whose seeds germinative power decreases when dehydrated because they are recalcitrant. In the past, the plants were cut -which implied death- to harvest the foliar sprout for food purposes, nowadays, fruits are marketed as food and seeds for the ornamental market. To evaluate whether this double use of fruits is possible with local management practices, tests were carried out on the germination power and the survival of seedlings.
M&M: We evaluated germination percentage, seed germination speed index, and seedling survival percentage in fruits either stored with pulp or pulped. In addition, the relative increase in the number of pulped fruits was valued by 1 kg, to estimate the commercial value of this new presentation.
Results: No significant differences were found in the germination power and survival of seedlings from fruits stored whole or pulped. However, the seeds of pulped stored fruits germinated faster. An increase of 33% of pulped fruits in 1 kg was estimated.
Conclusions: The storage of whole or pulped fruits does not affect germination of E. edulis seeds, nor the survival of the seedlings, so double use of the fruits is possible. It is recommended to increase the value by 50% per kg of pulped fruits, concerning the commercial value of the whole fruits.
References
AGUIAR, F. F. A., S. KANASHIRO, P. GIAMPAOLI, V. A. MODOLO, J. D. AGUIAR & A. R. TAVARES. 2017. Effects of light, temperature and mesocarp on seed germination of Euterpe edulis (Juçara-Palm). Biosci. J. 33: 881-885. https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v33n4a2017-36736 https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v33n4a2017-36736
BALL, A. A. & P. H. S. BRANCALION. 2016. Governance challenges for commercial exploitation of a non-timber forest product by marginalized rural communities. Environm. Conserv. 43: 208-220.
BARROSO, R. M., A. REIS & N. HANAZAKI. 2010. Etnoecologia e etnobotânica da palmeira juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius) em comunidades quilombolas do Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo. Acta Bot. Bras. 24: 518-528. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062010000200022
BOVI, M. L. A. 1990. Pré-embebição em água e porcentagem e velocidade de emergência de sementes de Palmiteiro. Bragantia 49: 11-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0006-87051990000100002
BOVI, M. L. A. & M. CARDOSO. 1976. Germinação de sementes de palmiteiro (Euterpe edulis Mart.). Bragantia 34: 29-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-6762200600050000
CARVALHO, P. E. R. 1994. Espécies florestais brasileiras: recomendações silviculturais, potencialidades e uso da madeira. Vol. 1. Colombo: EMBRAPA-CNPF.
CHEDIACK, S. E. 2008. Aprovechamiento sustentable del Palmito Misionero. En: ACEÑOLAZA, F. (ed.), Temas de la biodiversidad del litoral III. Miscelánea 17: 309-316.
CLEMENT, C. R., E. LLERAS & J. VAN LEEUWEN. 2005. O potencial das palmeiras tropicais no Brasil: acertos e fracassos das últimas décadas. Agrociencia 9: 67-71.
CURSI, P. R. & S. M. CICERO. 2014. Fruit processing and the physiological quality of Euterpe edulis Martius seeds. J. Seed Sci. 36: 134-142. https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v32n2847
DE BRITO, E. S., M. C. P. DE ARAUJO, R. E. ALVES, C. CARKEET, B. A. CLEVIDENCE & J. A. NOVOTNY. 2007. Anthocyanins present in selected tropical fruits: acerola, jambolão, jussara, and guajiru. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55: 9389-9394.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0715020
DI RIENZO, J. A., F. CASANOVES, M. G. BALZARINI, L. GONZÁLEZ, M. TABLADA & C. W. ROBLEDO. 2019. Centro de Transferencia InFoStat, FCA, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina. Disponible en: http://www.infostat.com.ar.
FELZENSZWALB, I., M. R. DA COSTA MARQUES, J. L. MAZZEI & C. A. AIUB. 2013. Toxicological evaluation of Euterpe edulis: a potential superfruit to be considered. Food Chem. Toxicol. 58: 536-544.
FURLAN, V., L. CARIOLA, D. GARCÍA & N. I. HILGERT. 2015. Caracterización de los sistemas agroforestales familiares y estrategias de uso del ambiente en el Bosque Atlántico Argentino. Gaia Scientia 9: 69-81.
GARCIA, D. S., N. I. HILGERT & M. S. REIS. 2020. La Palmera Euterpe edulis Mart., una especie clave para la conservación de los remanentes de Bosque Atlántico en Argentina. En: HILGERT, N. I., M. L. POCHETTINO & J. E. H. BERMEJO (eds.), Palmeras NUS al Sur de la América Austral, pp. 58-81. CultIVA, Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo, CYTED.
GÓMEZ RESTREPO, M. L. 2004. Estimación de la capacidad germinativa y el vigor de las semillas de diomate (Astronium graveolens Jacq.) sometidas a diferentes tratamientos y condiciones de almacenamiento. Revista Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellín 57: 2218-2232
GUIMARÃES, L. A. D. O. P., R. G. DE SOUZA, M. L. DAN, & M. A. D. GUIMARÃES. 2018. Emergence and vigor of Euterpe edulis seedlings under shading levels and the presence and absence of the pericarp. Idesia (Arica) 36: 49-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34292018000100049.
HENDERSON, A. 2000. The Genus Euterpe in Brazil. In: REIS M. S. & A. REIS (eds.), Euterpe edulis Martius – (Palmitero) Biologia, Conservação e Manejo, pp. 01-22. Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues, Itajai.
HILGERT, N. I., D. S. GARCÍA, P. THALMAYR, S. LINDNER & M. S. REIS. 2019. El Jejy’a (pulpa de frutos de Euterpe edulis Mart.). El Súper Alimento que Contribuye a la Conservación y al Desarrollo Familiar en el Bosque Atlántico de Misiones. Congreso Argentino de Agroecología. Mendoza.
KANG, J., Z. LI, T. WU, G. S. JENSEN, A. G. SCHAUSS & X. WU. 2010. Anti-oxidant capacities of flavonoid compounds isolated from acai pulp (Euterpe oleracea Mart.). Food Chem. 122: 610-617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.020
KELLER, H. A. 2009. Plantas textiles de los guaraníes de Misiones, Argentina. Bonplandia 18: 29-37.
MAC FADDEN, M. J. 2005. A Produção de açaí a partir do processamento dos frutos do palmiteiro (Euterpe edulis Martius) na Mata Atlântica. Disertación de Maestría. Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil.
MAGUIRE, J. D. 1962. Speed of germination - Aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor 1. Crop Sci. 2: 176-177.
MARTINS, C. C., M. L. A. BOVI, J. NAKAGAWA & G. GODOY JÚNIOR. 2004. Temporary storage of jussara palm seeds: effects of time, temperature and pulp on germination and vigor. Hort. Brasil. 22: 271-276. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-05362004000200021
MILANESI, L. S., N. PERONI & M. S. REIS. 2013. Use of the palm Euterpe edulis Martius in landscape units managed by migrants of German origin in Southern Brazil. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. 9: 1-11. https://doi. org/10.1186/1746-4269-9-47
MYERS, N., R. A. MITTERMEIER, C. G. MITTERMEIER, G. A DA FONSECA & KENT, J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853-858. https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501
POULOSE, S. M., D. R. FISHER, J. LARSON, D. F. BIELINSKI, A. M. RIMANDO, A. N. CAREY, A. G. SCHAUSS & B. SHUKITT-HALE. 2012. Anthocyanin-rich açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) fruit pulp fractions attenuate inflammatory stress signaling in mouse brain BV-2 microglial cells. J. Agric. Food Chem. 60: 1084-1093. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf203989k
PUPO, P. S. S. 2007. Manejo de frutos de palmeira juçara (Euterpe edulis M.) para a obtenção de polpa e sementes como produtos florestais não madeireiros (PFNM) em Mata Atlantica. Disertación de Maestría. Universidad Estadual de Campinas, Brasil.
QUEIROZ, M. H. 2000. Biologia do Fruto, da Semente e da Germinação do Palmiteiro Euterpe edulis. In: REIS M. S. & A. REIS (eds.), Euterpe edulis Martius – (Palmitero) Biologia, Conservação e Manejo, pp. 39-59. Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues, Itajai.
REIS, A. 1995. Dispersión de semillas de Euterpe edulis Martius (Palmae) en una floresta umbrofila densa montaña de la costa atlántica en Blumenau, Tesis Doctoral. Universidad Estadual de Campinas, Brasil.
REIS, A., M. T. S. PAULILO, E. M. NAKAZONO & S. VENTURI. 1999. Efeito de diferentes níveis de dessecamento na germinação de sementes de Euterpe edulis Martius-Arecaceae. Ínsula (Florianópolis). 28: 31-42
REIS, M. S., A. C. FANTINI, R. O. NODARI, A. REIS, M. P. GUERRA & A. MANTOVANI, 2000. Management and Conservation of Natural Populations in Atlantic Rain Forest: The Case Study of Palm Heart (Euterpe edulis Martius) Biotropica 32: 894-902.
REIS, A. & P. Y. KAGEYAMA 2000. Dispersão de sementes do Palmiteiro (Euterpe edulis Martius – Palmae). In: REIS M.S. & A. REIS (eds.), Euterpe edulis Martius – (Palmitero) Biologia, Conservação e Manejo, pp. 60-92. Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues, Itajai.
RUFINO, M. S. M., R. E. ALVES, E. S. DE BRITO, J. PÉREZ-JIMÉNEZ, F. SAURA-CALIXTO & J. MANCINI-FILHO. 2010. Bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities of 18 non-traditional tropical fruits from Brazil. Food Chem. 121: 996-1002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.01.037
SCHULZ, M., G. D. S. C BORGES, L. V. GONZAGA, A. C. O. COSTA, R. FETT. 2016. Juçara fruit (Euterpe edulis Mart.): Sustainable exploitation of a source of bioactive compounds. Food Res. Int. 89: 4-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2016.07.027
SERVICIO METEOROLÓGICO NACIONAL. 2018. Disponible en: https://www.smn.gob.ar/. [Acceso: 05/03/2018].
SILVA, F. P., D. A. DE MIRANDA, M. CARNIER, P. K. MAZA, V. T. BOLDARINE, A. S. RISCHITELI, F. AVILA, L. P. P. PONTES, A. C. L HACHUL, N. I. P. NETO, E. B. RIBEIROA, C. M. OLLER DO NASCIMENTO, V.V. DE ROSSO & L. M. OYAMA. 2021. Low dose of Juçara pulp (Euterpe edulis Mart.) minimizes the colon inflammatory milieu promoted by hypercaloric and hyperlipidic diet in mice. J. Funct. Foods 77: 104343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.104343
TAVARES, A. R., D. P. RAMOS, F. F. A. AGUIAR & S. KANASHIRO. 2008. Jussara palm seed germination under different shade levels. Hort. Brasil. 26: 492-494.
TOMLINSON, P. B. 1990. The structural biology of palms. Oxford University Press, New York.
TREVISAN, A. C. D., A. C FANTINI, A. L. SCHMITT-FILHO & J. FARLEY 2015. Market for Amazonian açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) stimulates pulp production from Atlantic Forest juçara berries (Euterpe edulis). Agroecol. Sustain. Food Syst. 39: 762-781. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2015.1025461
WEATHER SPARK. El clima típico de cualquier lugar del mundo. 2018. Disponible en: https://es.weatherspark.com/m/29574/6/Tiempo-promedio-en-junio-en-Bernardo-de-Irigoyen-Argentina#Sections-Rain [Acceso: 05/03/2018].
WILLIAM R. L. 1991. Guía para la manipulación de semillas forestales. FAO, Roma. http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/AD232S/ad232s00.htm#TOC
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Sofia Lindner, Daily S. Garcia, Peggy Thalmayr, Norma I. Hilgert
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Provides immediate and free OPEN ACCESS to its content under the principle of making research freely available to the public, which fosters a greater exchange of global knowledge, allowing authors to maintain their copyright without restrictions.
Material published in Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license.
