Potenciais da nutrigenética na abordagem e tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares e fatores de risco associados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v79.n2.30289Palavras-chave:
genes, nutrição, genómica, doença cardiovascularResumo
Introdução: A partir da nutrigenética, estudo do efeito que a variação genética exerce sobre a resposta individual à dieta, é possível compreender e modular a resposta clínica condicionada pelo genótipo pela dieta.
Objetivo: explorar as evidências bibliográficas sobre o potencial da nutrigenética na abordagem e tratamento das doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) e fatores de risco associados.
Materiais e métodos: foi realizada uma busca sistemática de publicações nas bases de dados eletrônicas MEDLINE, EMBASE e Google Scholar. Foram incluídos os artigos que continham as palavras-chave ou uma combinação delas, no período 1990-2019, tanto de estudos experimentais quanto observacionais.
Resultados: foram incluídos 49 artigos, classificados de acordo com as principais vias moleculares envolvidas na etiopatogenia das DCV. Embora tenha sido encontrada uma grande diversidade de variantes genéticas que conferem suscetibilidade às DCV e a fatores de risco como obesidade, dislipidemia e hipertensão arterial, pouca consistência foi observada na publicação de estudos de replicação.
Conclusões: o conhecimento das variantes genéticas permite a personalização da dieta, podendo ser complementada com outras recomendações saudáveis associadas ao estilo de vida. Mais estudos em grandes populações e meta-análises são necessários para mostrar inequivocamente a relação gene-nutriente.
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