Potenciales de la nutrigenética en el abordaje y tratamiento de enfermedades cardiovasculares y factores de riesgo asociados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v79.n2.30289Palabras clave:
genes, nutrición, enfermedad cardiovascular, genómicaResumen
Introducción: A partir de la nutrigenética, estudio del efecto que la variación genética tiene sobre la respuesta individual a la dieta, es posible comprender y modular la respuesta clínica condicionada por el genotipo por la dieta.
Objetivo: explorar la evidencia bibliográfica sobre los potenciales de la nutrigenética en el abordaje y tratamiento de las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) y factores de riesgo asociados.
Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de publicaciones en bases de datos electrónicas MEDLINE, EMBASE y Google Scholar. Se incluyeron aquellos artículos que contenían las palabras claves o una combinación de ellas, durante 1990-2019, tanto de estudios experimentales como observacionales.
Resultados: 49 artículos fueron incluidos, clasificados de acuerdo a las principales vías moleculares involucradas en la etiopatogenia de las ECV. Si bien se encontró una amplia diversidad de variantes genéticas que confieren susceptibilidad para las ECV y factores de riesgo como obesidad, dislipemia e hipertensión arterial, se observó poca consistencia en la publicación de estudios de replicación.
Conclusiones: el conocimiento de variantes genéticas permite la personalización de la dieta, que puede complementarse con otras recomendaciones saludables asociadas al estilo de vida. Son necesarios más estudios en grandes poblaciones y metaanálisis que muestren de manera inequívoca la relación gen-nutriente.
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