Saliva immune-inflammatory response in pregnant women with periodontitis

Abstract

Periodontitis Disease is associated with the colonization on the surface of the teeth and the gingival groove of Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, forming a reservoir of microorganisms, endotoxins and mediators of inflammation, which often enter onto the general circulation and could produce a state Chronic inflammatory, capable of affecting pregnancy producing a more exacerbated clinical manifestation.

The objective was to evaluate the capacity of saliva immune inflammatory response in pregnant women with periodontitis who voluntarily attend to the Dentistry Service of the Provincial Maternity.

100 pregnant and 50 non-pregnant women who signed the consent to participate in the project (REPIS Registry 3065/16) were studied. All periodontal parameters were evaluated. From each sextant, samples were taken from the deepest pocket for microbiological identification by molecular biology. Samples of unstimulated saliva were taken to determine the concentration of IgA and IgG, Reactive Protein C (PCR), Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Nitrite Concentration. Data were analyzed with the χ2 test, Fisher, T test as appropriate, a p <of 0.05 was considered significant. It was analyzed with Infostat 2018 / p software.

T.denticola was identified as the most frequent bacteria in pregnant women in addition to P.intermedia (p=0.0177). The concentration of Ig A is higher in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women (p=0.0204). The presence of P.gingivalis+T.denticola+ T.forsythia was significantly associated with high concentrations of IgA in pregnant women (p=0.03). A RR=7,95% CI (3.27-16.4) was calculated. While nitrite concentration and MOP activity was significantly lower in pregnant women.

The data suggest that pregnant women are 7 times more likely to developed clinical insertion greater than or equal to 3mm and pocket deepest than 4mm when the P.gingivalis + T.denticola + T.forsythia triad is present. Elevated levels of IgA in saliva would indicate a positive response capacity of the host against red complex bacteria