Hipertensión arterial en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v70.n2.20243Palabras clave:
hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus, riesgo cardiovascular, terapéutica no farmacológica y farmacológicaResumen
La Hipertensión Arterial (HTA) y la Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) se asocian frecuentemente, más del 65% de los diabéticos sufren algun tipo de HTA.
En Argentina la prevalencia de HTA es de alrededor del 30% de la población adulta y la prevalencia de DM2 alrededor del 5%.
Se describen la definición, distintas formas clínicas, el estudio del hipertenso, y la estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular, claramente se observa que, para distintos estadíos de HTA, la coexistencia de DM2 ó Sindrome Metabólico, eleva en forma notable el riesgo de eventos. Entre los factores de riesgo tradicionales, las condiciones socio-económicas deben recibir atención especial en Latinoamérica. Del mismo modo se debe hacer énfasis en el bajo nivel de educación, a causa del alto porcentaje de población nativa con bajas oportunidades de obtener una educación adecuada.
El tratamiento de la HTA en el diabético es una de las medidas mas efectivas para reducir el riesgo.Se analizan las metas tensionales en diabéticos, las medidas no farmacológicas que han demostrado eficacia preventiva, y las caracteristicas de los distintos grupos farmacológicos, así como de las asociaciones de drogas antihipertensivas, que muy frecuentemente se deben usar en estos pacientes. Ademas, se efectúan recomendaciones de selección de fármacos para pacientes con situaciones especiales.
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