Stem diameter (DBH) and phorophyte species: key factors determining filmy ferns (Hymenophyllum, Hymenophyllaceae) composition in a temperate forest fragment from Chile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v59.n4.44499Keywords:
composición florística, Análisis multivariado, bosque nativo, HymenophyllaceaeAbstract
Background and aims: Filmy ferns (Hymenophyllum) are notable for their reliance on moist microsites for survival, though the determinants of their assemblage in the habitat remain partially undefined. The aim of this study was to investigate how five habitat variables – stem orientation (N-S-E-W), forophyte species, presence of climbers, diameter at breast height (DBH) and canopy cover – affect the composition of film fern communities in a temperate forest fragment.
M&M: 120 trees were sampled along a transect through the centre of the forest, assessing the presence/absence of ferns up to 2.3 m above the stem. Data analysis was performed using PERMANOVA with 10,000 permutations followed by multiple comparisons to detect differences in fern composition between forophyte species.
Results: A significant influence of both tree DBH (pseudo-F = 21.617; p < 0.001) and forophyte species identity (pseudo-F = 4.123; p < 0.001) was detected. Multiple comparisons revealed significant differences (pseudo-T, p < 0.05) in fern assemblages associated with forophyte species groups.
Conclusions: The results indicate that certain physical and biotic characteristics of the forophyte are crucial for the structuring of film fern communities, other environmental factors initially considered may not be as important or their effect may be masked by homogeneity of sampling conditions, insufficient sample size or effect of anthropogenic disturbances.
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Referencias de Figuras y de Tablas
Tabla 1. Resultados del análisis PERMANOVA (Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance) para la composición de especies de la comunidad de helechos película (Hymenophyllum spp.) y su relación con algunas variables del hábitat forestal. Fuente: fuentes de variación. df: grados de libertad asociados a cada fuente de variación. SS: Suma de cuadrados, que indica la variación total asociada a cada fuente de variación. MS: media cuadrática. P(perm): Valor p obtenido a través del proceso de 10000 permutaciones. Pseudo-F: estadístico análogo al valor F en ANOVA tradicional. Unique perms: Número de permutaciones únicas realizadas para la prueba. Los asteriscos (**) representan combinaciones de niveles de factores para los cuales no hay datos disponibles o las celdas están vacías.
Fig. 1. Área de estudio en la Región de Los Lagos, Chile.
Fig. 2. Resumen de los componentes del hábitat y la presencia de helechos película en 480 orientaciones (micrositios) de troncos forófitos. A: composición de especie de helechos por orientación (Norte-Sur-Este-Oeste). B: Diagrama de caja de la cobertura del dosel (%) por orientación. C: Número de orientaciones por especie forófita (barras negras) y presencia de helechos película (barras grises). D: Distribución diamétrica de los árboles (barras negras) y presencia de helechos película (barras grises). E: Orientaciones ocupadas por helechos película y trepadoras en los troncos.
Fig. 3. Mapa de calor de similitud florística de helechos película entre especies forófitas y comparaciones múltiples con pseudo-T posteriores al PERMANOVA. Símbolos= *: asteriscos indican diferencias significativas (p < 0,05); ○: óvalos representan combinaciones con tamaño de muestra insuficiente.
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