Distribución de una leñosa exótica invasora en un sistema de montaña ¿ocupan Cotoneaster franchetii y la leñosa nativa Polylepis australis (Rosaceae) hábitats similares?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v58.n1.38464Palabras clave:
áreas protegidas, gradiente altitudinal, invasión de montañas, Parque Nacional Quebrada del Condorito, plantas exóticas, preferencia de hábitat, Sierras de CórdobaResumen
Introducción y objetivos: El aumento de plantas invasoras en ecosistemas de altura amenaza la conservación de la biodiversidad y de los servicios ecosistémicos en áreas protegidas de montaña. En este trabajo evaluamos si una leñosa exótica, Cotoneaster franchetii Bois, responde a la heterogeneidad ambiental de manera similar a la leñosa nativa dominante, Polylepis australis Bitter, o si puede ocupar una mayor variedad de hábitats dado el carácter generalista que se espera de ella.
M&M: Registramos la ocurrencia y cobertura de ambas especies en 120 parcelas entre los 1200 y los 2200 msnm, dentro y en inmediaciones del Parque Nacional Quebrada del Condorito y la Reserva Hídrica Pampa de Achala (Córdoba, Argentina). Comparamos su distribución en relación con la vegetación y la topografía.
Resultados: Cada especie dominó en altitudes diferentes pero, a escala local, ambas fueron más frecuentes en valles y laderas sur, con menor cobertura de pajonal y mayor cobertura rocosa y pendiente. Al contrario que la nativa, la cobertura de C. franchetii no se vio afectada por las características topográficas ni de la vegetación circundante.
Conclusiones: La elevada ocurrencia de C. franchetii y la ausencia de restricciones para aumentar su cobertura una vez establecida sugieren un elevado potencial invasor. Su expansión representa un riesgo directo para P. australis por preferir hábitats similares. Al igual que en la expansión altitudinal, una elevada tolerancia ambiental promovería la invasión por leñosas hacia la vegetación natural en montañas
Referencias
ACOSTA, A., S. DIAZ & M. MENGHI. 1992. Patrones comunitarios a diferentes escalas espaciales en pastizales de las Sierras de Córdoba, Argentina. Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat. 65: 195-207.
AGUIRRE, F., E. NOUHRA & C. URCELAY. 2021. Native and non-native mammals disperse exotic ectomycorrhizal fungi at long distances from pine plantations. Fungal Ecol. 49: 101012.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2020.101012
ALEXANDER, J. M., C. KUEFFER, C. C. DAEHLER, P. J. EDWARDS, A. PAUCHARD, T. SEIPEL & MIREN Consortium. 2011. Assembly of nonnative floras along elevational gradients explained by directional ecological filtering. PNAS 108: 656-661.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.101313610
ALEXANDER, J. M., J. J. LEMBRECHTS, L. A. CAVIERES, C. DAEHLER, S. HAIDER, C. KUEFFER, G. LIU, K. MCDOUGALL, A. MILBAU, A. PAUCHARD, L. J. REW & T. SEIPEL. 2016. Plant invasions into mountains and alpine ecosystems: current status and future challenges. Alp. Bot. 126: 89-103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00035-016-0172-8
ÁLVAREZ M.A., A. A. BARROS, D. P. VÁZQUEZ, L. J. BONJOUR, J. J. LEMBRECHTS, R. E. M. WEDEGÄRTNER & V. ASCHERO. 2022. Hiking and livestock favor non-native plants in the high Andes. Biol. Invasions 24: 3475-3488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-022-02851-1
APN (ADMINISTRACIÓN DE PARQUES NACIONALES). 2017. Plan de Gestión del Parque Nacional Quebrada del Condorito. Administración de Parques Nacionales, Córdoba.
ARGAÑARAZ, J. P., G. GAVIER-PIZARRO, M. ZAK & L. M. BELLIS. 2015. Fire regime, climate, and vegetation in the Sierras de Córdoba, Argentina. Fire Ecol. 11: 55-73.
https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.1101055
CABIDO, M. & A. ACOSTA. 1985. Estudio fitosociológico de Polilepys australis Bitt. (‘Tabaquillo’) en las Sierras de Córdoba. Argentina. Doc. phytosociologiques 9: 385-400.
CABIDO, M., R. BREIMER & G. VEGA. 1987. Plant communities and associated soil types in a high plateau of the Córdoba mountains, central Argentina. Mt. Res. Dev. 7: 25-42.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3673322
CABIDO, M., G. FUNES, E. PUCHETA, F. VENDRAMANI & S. DÍAZ. 1998. A chorological analysis of the mountains from Central Argentina. Is all what we call Sierra Chaco really Chaco? Contribution to the study of the flora and vegetation of the Chaco. Candollea 53: 321-331.
CABIDO, M., A. ANTÓN, M. CABRERA, A. M. CINGOLANI, I. DI TADA, L. ENRICO, G. FUNES, G. HARO, J. POLOP, D. RENISON, V. RODRÍGUEZ, J. ROQUÉ GARZÓN, C. ROSACHER & M. ZAK. 2003. Línea de base y programa de monitoreo de la biodiversidad del Parque Nacional Quebrada del Condorito y la Reserva Hídrica Provincial Pampa de Achala. Administración de Parques Nacionales, Córdoba.
CABIDO, M., M. A. GIORGIS & M. TOURN. 2010. Guía para una excursión botánica en las Sierras de Córdoba. Bol. Soc. Arg. Bot. 45: 209-219.
CABIDO, M., S. R. ZEBALLOS, M. ZAK, M. L. CARRANZA, M. A. GIORGIS, J. J. CANTERO & A. T. R. ACOSTA. 2018. Native woody vegetation in central Argentina: classification of Chaco and Espinal forests. Appl. Veg. Sci. 21: 298-311. https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12369
CABRERA, A. L. 1976. Regiones fitogeográficas argentinas. En: KUGLER, W. F. (ed.), Enciclopedia argentina de agricultura y jardinería, pp. 1-85. Acme, Buenos Aires.
CAVIERES L. A., C. L. QUIROZ & M. A. MOLINA-MONTENEGRO. 2008. Facilitation of the non-native Taraxacum officinale by native nurse cushion species in the high Andes of central Chile: are there differences between nurses? Funct. Ecol. 22: 148-156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01338.x
CAVIERES L. A., R. W. BROOKER, B. J. BUTTERFIELD, B. J. COOK, Z. KIKVIDZE, C. J. LORTIE, R. MICHALET, F. I. PUGNAIRE, C. SCHÖB, S. XIAO, F. ANTHELME, R. G. BJÖRK, K. J. M. DICKINSON, B. H. CRANSTON, R. GAVILÁN, A. GUTIÉRREZ-GIRÓN, R. KANKA, J.-P. MAALOUF, A. F. MARK, J. NOROOZI, R. PARAJULI, G. K. PHOENIX, A. M. REID, W. M. RIDENOUR, C. RIXEN, S. WIPF, L. ZHAO, A. ESCUDERO, B. F. ZAITCHIK, E. LINGUA, E. T. ASCHEHOUG & R. M. CALLAWAY. 2014. Facilitative plant interactions and climate simultaneously drive alpine plant diversity. Ecol. Lett. 17: 193-202. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12217
CAVIERES, L. A. 2021. Facilitation and the invasibility of plant communities. J. Ecol. 109: 2019-2028. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13627
CINGOLANI, A. M., M. R. CABIDO, D. RENISON & V. SOLÍS NEFFA. 2003. Combined effects of environment and grazing on vegetation structure in Argentine granite grasslands. J. Veg. Sci. 14: 223-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02147.x
CINGOLANI, A. M., D. RENISON, M. R. ZAK & M. R. CABIDO. 2004. Mapping vegetation in a heterogeneous mountain rangeland using Landsat data: an alternative method to define and classify land-cover units. Remote Sens. Environ. 92: 84-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.05.008
CINGOLANI, A. M., D. RENISON, P. A. TECCO, D. E. GURVICH & M. CABIDO. 2008. Predicting cover types in a mountain range with long evolutionary grazing history: a GIS approach. J. Biogeogr. 35: 538-551. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01807.x
CINGOLANI, A. M., M. V. VAIERETTI, M. A. GIORGIS, M. POCA, P. A. TECCO & D. E. GURVICH. 2014. Can livestock grazing maintain landscape diversity and stability in an ecosystem that evolved with wild herbivores? Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 16: 143-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2014.04.002
CINGOLANI, A. M., M. POCA, M. A. GIORGIS, M. V. VAIERETTI, D. E. GURVICH, J. I. WHITWORTH-HULSE & D. RENISON. 2015. Water provisioning services in a seasonally dry subtropical mountain: Identifying priority landscapes for conservation. J. Hydrol. 525: 178-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.03.041
CINGOLANI, A. M., M. A. GIORGIS, L. E. HOYOS & CABIDO, M. 2022. La vegetación de las montañas de Córdoba (Argentina) a comienzos del siglo XXI: un mapa base para el ordenamiento territorial. Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 57: 65-100. https://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v57.n1.34924
COLLADON, L. 2014. Anuario pluviométrico 1992-2012. Cuenca del Río San Antonio, Sistema del Río Suquía, Provincia de Córdoba. Instituto Nacional del Agua y del Ambiente (INA) y Centro de Investigaciones de la Región Semiárida (CIRSA), Córdoba.
DÍAZ VÉLEZ, M. C., A. N. SÉRSIC, A. TRAVESET & V. PAIARO. 2018. The role of frugivorous birds in fruit removal and seed germination of the invasive alien Cotoneaster franchetii in central Argentina. Austral Ecol. 43: 558-566. https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12592.
DIETZ, H. & P. J. EDWARDS. 2006. Recognition that causal processes change during plant invasion helps explain conflicts in evidence. Ecology 87: 1359-67.
https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1359:RTCPCD]2.0.CO;2
DI RIENZO J. A., E. MACCHIAVELLI & F. CASANOVES. 2017. Modelos lineales mixtos: aplicaciones en InfoStat. Actualización 2017. Grupo InfoStat, FCA, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba.
DI RIENZO J. A., F. CASANOVES, M. G. BALZARINI, L. GONZALEZ, M. TABLADA & C. W. ROBLEDO. 2020. InfoStat versión 2020. Centro de Transferencia InfoStat, FCA, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba. Disponible en: http://www.infostat.com.ar
DUNN, P. K. & G. K. SMYTH. 2018. Generalized linear models with examples in R. Springer Science+Business Media, New York.
FERRERO, M. C., P. A. TECCO & D. E. GURVICH. 2022. Is intraspecific variability an advantage in mountain invasions? Comparing functional trait variation in an invasive and a native woody species along multiple environmental gradients. Biol. Invasions 24: 1393-1412.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02722-1
FOX, J. & S. WEISBERG. 2019. An R Companion to Applied Regression. 3rd ed. Sage Publications, California. Disponible en: https://socialsciences.mcmaster.ca/jfox/Books/Companion
FOXCROFT, L. C., P. PYŠEK, D. M. RICHARDSON, J. PERGL & P. E. HULME. 2013. The bottom line: impacts of alien plant invasions in protected areas. En: FOXCROFT, L. C., P. PYŠEK, D. M. RICHARDSON & P. GENOVESI (eds.), Plant Invasions in Protected Areas: Patterns, Problems and Challenges, pp. 19-41. Springer Science+Business Media, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7750-7
FOXCROFT, L. C., P. PYŠEK, D. M. RICHARDSON, P. GENOVESI & S. MACFADYEN. 2017. Plant invasion science in protected areas: progress and priorities. Biol. Invasions 19: 1353-78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1367-z
FOXCROFT, L. C., D. SPEAR, N. J. VAN WILGEN & M. A. MCGEOCH. 2019 Assessing the association between pathways of alien plant invaders and their impacts in protected areas. NeoBiota 43: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/NEOBIOTA.43.29644
FUENTES-LILLO, E., J. J. LEMBRECHTS, L. A. CAVIERES, A. JIMÉNEZ, S. HAIDER, A. BARROS & A. PAUCHARD. 2021. Anthropogenic factors overrule local abiotic variables in determining non-native plant invasions in mountains. Biol. Invasions 23: 3671-3686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02602-8
GIORGIS, M. A., A. M. CINGOLANI, P. A. TECCO, M. CABIDO, M. POCA & H. VON WEHRDEN. 2016. Testing alien plant distribution and habitat invasibility in mountain ecosystems: growth form matters. Biol. Invasions 18: 2017-2028. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1148-8
GIORGIS, M. A., A. M. CINGOLANI, D. E. GURVICH, P. A. TECCO, J. CHIAPELLA, F. CHIARINI & M. CABIDO. 2017. Changes in floristic composition and physiognomy are decoupled along elevation gradients in central Argentina. Appl. Veg. Sci. 20: 558-71.
https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12324
GIORGIS, M. A., M. V. PALCHETII, R. MORERO, M. CABIDO, J. O. CHIAPELLA & A. M. CINGOLANI. 2021. Flora vascular de las montañas de Córdoba (Argentina): características y distribución de las especies a través del gradiente altitudinal. Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 56: 327-345. https://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v56.n3.30355
GIORGIS, M. A., P. A. TECCO, A. M. CINGOLANI, D. RENISON, P. MARCORA & V. PAIARO. 2011. Factors associated with woody alien species distribution in a newly invaded mountain system of central Argentina. Biol. Invasions 13: 1423-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9900-y
GOOGLE EARTH. 2012. Google Earth Pro version 6.2. Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA. Disponible en: https://www.google.com/earth/about/
GUO, Q., S. FEI, Z. SHEN, B. V. IANNONE, J. KNOTT & S. L. CHOWN. 2018. A global analysis of elevational distribution of non-native versus native plants. J. Biogeogr. 45: 793-803.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13145
HAIDER, S., S. PALM, H. BRUELHEIDE, P. DE VILLEMEREUIL, A. MENZEL & S. LACHMUTH. 2022. Disturbance and indirect effects of climate warming support a plant invader in mountains. Oikos: e08783. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.08783
IPBES. 2019. Summary for policy makers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. DÍAZ, S., J. SETTELE, E. S. BRONDIZIO, H. T. NGO, M. GUEZE, J. AGARD, A. ARNETH, P. BALVANERA, K. A. BRAUMAN, S. H. M. BUTCHART, K. M. A. CHAN, L. A. GARIBALDI, K. ICHII J. LIU, S. M. SUBRAMANIAN, G. F. MIDGLEY, P. MILOSLAVICH, Z. MOLNÁR, D. OBURA, A. PFAFF, S. POLASKY, A. PURVIS, J. RAZZAQUE, B. REYERS, R. ROY CHOWDHURY, Y. J. SHIN, I. J. VISSEREN-HAMAKERS, K. J. WILLIS & C. N. ZAYAS (eds.). IPBES secretariat, Bonn, Germany. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3553579
JOSHI, S., B. B. SHRESTHA, L. SHRESTHA, I. RASHID & S. ADKINS. 2022. Plant Invasions in Mountains. En: CLEMENTS, D. R., M.K. UPADHYAYA, S. JOSHI & A. SHRESTHA (eds.), Global Plant Invasions, pp. 279-330. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89684-3_13
JUNCOSA POLZELLA, A. S. 2019. Variación en la efectividad de la dispersión de semillas del arbusto invasor Cotoneaster franchetii en un gradiente altitudinal. Tesina de grado. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
KOTOWSKA, D., T. PÄRT, P. SKÓRKA, A.G. AUFFRET & M. ŻMIHORSKI. 2022. Scale dependence of landscape heterogeneity effects on plant invasions. J. Appl. Ecol. 59: 1313-1323. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14143
KÖRNER, C. 2007. The use of ‘altitude’ in ecological research. Trends Ecol. Evol. 22: 569-574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.006
KÖRNER, C. 2021. Alpine Plant Life: Functional Plant Ecology of High Mountain Ecosystems. 3rd ed. Springer Nature, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59538-8
KUEFFER, C., K. MCDOUGALL, J. ALEXANDER, C. DAEHLER, P. EDWARDS, S. HAIDER, A. MILBAU, C. PARKS, A. PAUCHARD, Z. A. RESHI, L. J. REW, M. SCHRODER & T. SEIPEL. 2013. Plant Invasions into Mountain Protected Areas: Assessment, Prevention and Control at Multiple Spatial Scales. En: FOXCROFT L. C., PYŠEK P., RICHARDSON D. M. & GENOVESI P. (eds), Plant Invasions in Protected Areas: Patterns, Problems and Challenges. pp. 89-113. Springer Science+Business Media, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7750-7
LEMBRECHTS, J. J., A. PAUCHARD, J. LENOIR, M. A. NUÑEZ, C. GERON, A. VEN, P. BRAVO-MONASTERIO, E. TENEB, I. NIJS & A. MILBAU. 2016. Disturbance is the key to plant invasions in cold environments. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 113: 14061-14066.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608980113
LEMBRECHTS, J. J., J. LENOIR, M. A. NUÑEZ, A. PAUCHARD, C. GERON, G. BUSSÉ, A. MILBAU & I. NIJS. 2018. Microclimate variability in alpine ecosystems as stepping stones for non-native plant establishment above their current elevational limit. Ecography 41: 900-909. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.03263
LIEDTKE, R., A. BARROS, F. ESSL, J. J. LEMBRECHTS, R. E. M. WEDEGÄRTNER, A. PAUCHARD & S. DULLINGER. 2020. Hiking trails as conduits for the spread of non-native species in mountain areas. Biol. Invasions 22: 1121-1134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-019-02165-9
LINGDI, L. & A. R. BRACH. 2003. Cotoneaster Medikus, Philos. Bot. 1: 154. 1789. Flora of China 9: 85-108.
LLAMBÍ, L. D., A. DURBECQ, K. CÁCERES-MAGO, A. CÁCERES, L. RAMÍREZ, E. TORRES & Z. MÉNDEZ. 2020. Interactions between nurse - plants and an exotic invader along a tropical alpine elevation gradient: growth form matters. Alp. Bot. 130: 59-73.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00035-020-00235-6
MARCORA, P., I. HENSEN, D. RENISON, P. SELTMANN & K. WESCHE. 2008. The performance of Polylepis australis trees along their entire altitudinal range: Implications of climate change for their conservation. Divers. Distrib. 14: 630-636. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00455.x
MARCORA, P.I., A.E. FERRERAS, S.R. ZEBALLOS, G. FUNES, S. LONGO, C. URCELAY & P.A. TECCO. 2018. Context-dependent effects of fire and browsing on woody alien invasion in mountain ecosystems. Oecologia 188: 479-490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-018-4227-y
MARINI, L., A. BERTOLLI, E. BONA, G. FEDERICI, F. MARTINI, F. PROSSER & R. BOMMARCO. 2013. Beta-diversity patterns elucidate mechanisms of alien plant invasion in mountains. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 22: 450-460. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12006
MCDOUGALL, K. L., J. J. LEMBRECHTS, L. J. REW, S. HAIDER, L. A. CAVIERES, C. KUEFFER, A. MILBAU, B. J. NAYLOR, M. A. NUÑEZ, A. PAUCHARD, T. SEIPEL, K. L. SPEZIALE, G. T. WRIGHT & J. M. ALEXANDER. 2018. Running off the road: roadside non-native plants invading mountain vegetation. Biol. Invasions 20: 3461-3473.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-018-1787-z
MENGIST, W., T. SOROMESSA & G. LEGESE. 2020. Ecosystem services research in mountainous regions: A systematic literature review on current knowledge and research gaps. Sci. Total Environ. 702: 134581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134581
OYARZABAL, M., J. CLAVIJO, L. OAKLEY, F. BIGANZOLI, P. TOGNETTI, I. BARBERIS, H. M. MATURO, R. ARAGÓN, P. I. CAMPANELLO, D. PRADO, M. OESTERHELD & R. J. C. LEÓN. 2018. Unidades de vegetación de la Argentina. Ecol. Austral. 28: 40-63.
https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.18.28.1.0.399
PAIARO, V., M. CABIDO & E. PUCHETA. 2011. Altitudinal distribution of native and alien plant species in roadside communities from central Argentina. Austral Ecol. 36: 176-184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02134.x
PAUCHARD, A. & P. B. ALABACK. 2004. Influence of elevation, land use, and landscape context on patterns of alien plant invasions along roadsides in protected areas of south-central Chile. Conserv. Biol. 18: 238-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00300.x
PAUCHARD, A., C. KUEFFER, H. DIETZ, C. C. DAEHLER, J. ALEXANDER, P. J. EDWARDS, J. R. ARÉVALO, L. A CAVIERES, A. GUISAN, S. HAIDER, G. JAKOBS, K. MCDOUGALL, C. I MILLAR, B. J NAYLOR, C. G PARKS, L. J REW & T. SEIPEL. 2009. Ain’t no mountain high enough: plant invasions reaching new elevations. Front. Ecol. Environ. 7: 479-486.
https://doi.org/10.1890/080072
PAUCHARD, A., A. MILBAU, A. ALBIHN, J. ALEXANDER, T. BURGESS, C. DAEHLER, G. ENGLUND, F. ESSL, B. EVENGÅRD, G. B. GREENWOOD, S. HAIDER, J. LENOIR, K. MCDOUGALL, E. MUTHS, M. A. NUÑEZ, J. OLOFSSON, L. PELLISSIER, W. RABITSCH, L. J. REW, M. ROBERTSON, N. SANDERS & C. KUEFFER. 2016. Non-native and native organisms moving into high elevation and high latitude ecosystems in an era of climate change: new challenges for ecology and conservation. Biol. Invasions 18: 345-353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-015-1025-x
PERRIGO, A., C. HOORN & A. ANTONELLI. 2020. Why mountains matter for biodiversity. J. Biogeogr. 47: 315-325. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13731
PINHEIRO J., D. BATES, S. DEBROY , D. SARKAR & R CORE TEAM. 2020. nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models. R package version 3.1-148. Disponible en: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=nlme
POCA, M., A. M. CINGOLANI, D. E. GURVICH, J. I. WHITWORTH-HULSE & V. SAUR PALMIERI. 2017. La degradación de los bosques de altura del centro de Argentina reduce su capacidad de almacenamiento de agua. Ecol. Austral 28: 235-248. https://doi.org/10.25260/ea.18.28.1.1.497
POLLNAC, F. W., T. SEIPEL, C. REPATH & L. J. REW. 2012. Plant invasion at landscape and local scales along roadways in the mountainous region of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Biol. Invasions 14: 1753-1763. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-012-0188-y
POLLNAC, F. W. & L. J. REW. 2014. Life after establishment: factors structuring the success of a mountain invader away from disturbed roadsides. Biol. Invasions 16: 1689-1698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0617-6
PYŠEK, P., V. JAROŠÍK, J. PERGL & J. WILD. 2011. Colonization of high altitudes by alien plants over the last two centuries. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108: 439-440. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1017682108
PYŠEK, P., P. E. HULME, D. SIMBERLOFF, S. BACHER, T. M. BLACKBURN, J. T. CARLTON, W. DAWSON, F. ESSL, L. C. FOXCROFT & P. GENOVESI. 2020. Scientists’ warning on invasive alien species. Biol. Rev. 95: 1511-1534. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12627
R CORE TEAM. 2020. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Disponible en: https://www.R-project.org/
RAHBEK, C., M. K. BORREGAARD, R. K. COLWELL, B. DALSGAARD, B. G. HOLT, N. MORUETA-HOLME, D. NOGUES-BRAVO, R. J. WHITTAKER & J. FJELDSÅ. 2019. Humboldt’s enigma: What causes global patterns of mountain biodiversity? Science 365: 1108-1113. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax0149
RAI R. K., L. SHRESTHA, S. JOSHI & D. R. CLEMENTS. 2022. Biotic and Economic Impacts of Plant Invasions. En: CLEMENTS D. R., M.K. UPADHYAYA, S. JOSHI & A. SHRESTHA (eds.), Global Plant Invasions. pp. 301-315. Springer Nature, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89684-3
RENISON, D., I. HENSEN, R. SUAREZ & A. M. CINGOLANI. 2006. Cover and growth habit of Polylepis woodlands and shrublands in the mountains of central Argentina: human or environmental influence? J. Biogeogr. 33: 876-887. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01455.x
RICHARDSON, D. M. & M. REJMÁNEK. 2011. Trees and shrubs as invasive alien species - a global review. Divers. Distrib. 17: 788-809. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00782.x
SEIPEL, T., C. KUEFFER, L. J. REW, C. C. DAEHLER, A. PAUCHARD, B. J. NAYLOR, J. M. ALEXANDER et al. 2012. Processes at multiple scales affect richness and similarity of non-native plant species in mountains around the world. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 21: 236-246. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00664.x
SHACKLETON, R. T., R. BIGGS, D. M. RICHARDSON & B. M. H. LARSON. 2018. Social-ecological drivers and impacts of invasion-related regime shifts: consequences for ecosystem services and human wellbeing. Environ. Sci. Policy 89: 300-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.08.005
SIMBERLOFF, D. & B. VON HOLLE. 1999. Positive interactions of nonindigenous species: invasional meltdown? Biol.l Invasions 1: 21-32. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010086329619
STEYN, C., M. GREVE, M. P. ROBERTSON, J. M. KALWIJ & P. C. LE ROUX. 2017. Alien plant species that invade high elevations are generalists: support for the directional ecological filtering hypothesis. J. Veg. Sci. 28: 337-346. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12477
TAPELLA, M. P., P. I. MARCORA & P. A. TECCO. 2021. Reciprocal interactions between a non-native shrub and the dominant native trees of a high mountain woodland: who benefits? Biol. Invasions 23: 53-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02355-w
TECCO, P. A., A. I. PAIS-BOSCH, G. FUNES, P. I. MARCORA, S. R. ZEBALLOS, M. CABIDO & C. URCELAY. 2016. Mountain invasions on the way: are there climatic constraints for the expansion of alien woody species along an elevation gradient in Argentina? J. Plant Ecol. 9: 380-392. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtv064
TORRES, R. C., D. RENISON, I. HENSEN, R. SUAREZ & L. ENRICO. 2008. Polylepis australis’ regeneration niche in relation to seed dispersal, site characteristics and livestock density. For. Ecol. Manage. 254: 255-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.08.007
VILÀ, M. & P. E. HULME. 2017. Impact of biological invasions on ecosystem services. Springer International Publishing. Cham, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45121-3
VIVIROLI, D., M. KUMMU, M. MEYBECK, M. KALLIO & Y. WADA. 2020. Increasing dependence of lowland populations on mountain water resources. Nat. Sustain. 3: 917-928. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0559-9
WICKHAM H. 2016. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag, New York.
ZHANG, W., D. YIN, D. HUANG, N. DU, J. LIU, W. GUO & R. WANG. 2015. Altitudinal patterns illustrate the invasion mechanisms of alien plants in temperate mountain forests of northern China. For. Ecol. Manage. 351: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.05.004
ZUUR, A. F., E. N. IENO, N. J. WALKER, A. A. SAVELIEV & G. M. SMITH. 2009. Mixed Effects Models and Extensions in Ecology with R. Springer Science+Business Media, New York.
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 María Cecilia Ferrero, Diego E. Gurvich, Paula I. Marcora, Paula A. Tecco
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
El Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot.:
- Provee ACCESO ABIERTO y gratuito inmediato a su contenido bajo el principio de que hacer disponible gratuitamente la investigación al público, lo cual fomenta un mayor intercambio de conocimiento global.
- Permite a los autores mantener sus derechos de autor sin restricciones.
- El material publicado en Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. se distribuye bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.
