Efecto insecticida y repelente de aceites esenciales obtenidos de la flora aromática argentina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v57.n4.37995Palabras clave:
aceites esenciales, efecto insecticida, plantas aromáticas argentinas, repelenciaResumen
Se espera que la población mundial sea de 9x109 de habitantes para el año 2050. La demanda de alternativas al uso de insecticidas sintéticos está reflejada en la creciente cantidad de investigaciones sobre el efecto insecticida y repelente de los aceites esenciales. Argentina cuenta con grandes regiones de clima tropical, templado y frío, donde habitan muchas especies de plantas aromáticas. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue revisar la literatura más relevante sobre las propiedades insecticidas y repelentes de los aceites esenciales de la flora aromática argentina. La primera sección de la presente revisión se enfoca en aceites esenciales que son utilizados para el control de insectos que afectan la salud humana y animal, como moscas, mosquitos y vinchucas. La segunda parte aborda los aceites esenciales que podrían usarse como insecticidas y repelentes en la horticultura y la agricultura, como polillas, moscas de la fruta, chinches y otros insectos chupadores en cultivos de oleaginosas, vegetales y frutas; también escarabajos y gorgojos que atacan granos almacenados y productos alimenticios. A lo largo de esta revisión, se analiza la toxicidad de los aceites esenciales más bioactivos considerando su perfil químico y las características moleculares de sus principales compuestos puros. Este trabajo de revisión resalta el gran potencial de los aceites esenciales obtenidos de plantas aromáticas argentinas.
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