Evaluación de los micromicetes asociados a la corteza de fresno en Buenos Aires (Argentina): su capacidad para degradar madera y tolerancia a metales pesados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v57.n3.36749Palavras-chave:
biomonitoreo, contaminación, fresno, micromicetesResumo
Introducción y objetivos: La contaminación ambiental podría afectar el estado sanitario del arbolado y a la biodiversidad de microorganismos. Fraxinus pennsylvanica es uno de los árboles más frecuentes en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.
Los objetivos del trabajo fueron: relevar los micromicetes presentes en la corteza y madera de fresno, determinar si los micromicetes hallados con mayor frecuencia en la corteza producen enzimas lignocelulolíticas, describir los principales cambios anatómicos generados en la madera, y evaluar su tolerancia a metales pesados (Cu y Pb).
M&M: Se recolectaron trozos de corteza y madera en un gradiente urbano-periurbano en el AMBA. Se evaluó el deterioro causado in vitro en la madera por los micromicetes aislados con mayor frecuencia. Se determinó la pérdida de peso, se analizaron los cambios anatómicos. Se determinó la producción de enzimas lignocelulolíticas y tolerancia al Cu y Pb.
Resultados: Diplodia sp., Fusicoccum sp. y Sordaria sp. fueron los micromicetes detectados con mayor frecuencia en corteza, mientras que Alternaria sp., Diplodia sp. y Phialophora sp. se aislaron de madera. Ninguno causó síntomas de pudrición blanda, ni pérdidas importantes en el peso seco de la madera (3-5% luego de 6 meses), ni cambios microanatómicos. Se detectó actividad celulolítica en todos los micromicetes evaluados. Todos fueron capaces de crecer en 250 mg/Kg de Cu o 1000 mg/Kg de Pb.
Conclusiones: Los micromicetes presentes en la corteza no afectarían el estado sanitario del arbolado. Su tolerancia a altas concentraciones de metales pesados sugiere potencialidad como biomonitores de contaminación ambiental.
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