Clima y formas de vida de las plantas en la transición andina - extraandina de la Patagonia septentrional argentina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v56.n3.32588Palavras-chave:
Ecotono bosque - estepa, estrés por frío, frecuencia de especies, riqueza de especiesResumo
Introducción y objetivos: La autolocomoción restringida expone a las plantas a estrés, que promueve la adaptación. En el ecotono andino - extraandino de la Patagonia argentina, la adaptación está asociada principalmente a la aridez. En este trabajo se investigó la adaptación de las plantas al frío, basada en el análisis de las formas de vida que representan una estrategia de supervivencia durante la estación desfavorable.
M&M: En Aguas Frías (38° 46´ S, 70° 54´ O) y Litrán (38° 54´ S, 71° 01´ O), se caracterizó el clima a través de información meteorológica y la vegetación en forma fisonómico - florística. Las plantas se clasificaron de acuerdo a la especie, el origen, la forma de crecimiento y la forma de vida, y la abundancia se estimó a través de datos de incidencia.
Resultados: El clima es templado frío húmedo - semiárido y la vegetación corresponde a las Provincias Patagónica y Subantártica. Las unidades de vegetación incluyeron bosques, estepas y praderas. La riqueza total fue 148; 139 especies fueron nativas, 122 herbáceas, 143 raras y 64 pertenecieron a una única unidad. La similitud entre unidades fue baja y las hemicriptófitas dominaron los espectros biológicos florístico (68%) y vegetacional (56%).
Conclusiones: El intenso gradiente ambiental modeló las marcadas diferencias de la vegetación, y el frío habría sido un factor clave a juzgar por la dominancia de un forma de vida adaptada a las bajas temperaturas. Una mayor comprensión de estas relaciones es esencial para el manejo de los ecosistemas patagónicos.
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