Aspectos moleculares de la acción antineoplásica de la vitamina D
Palavras-chave:
cáncer, calcitriol, mecanismos moleculares, efectos antineoplásicosResumo
Los factores ambientales, en particular los dietarios, pueden influir en el desarrollo y la prevención del cáncer. La vitamina D (colecalciferol) ha sido por años asociada a la regulación de la homeostasis de calcio pero existen numerosos estudios epidemiológicos, bioquímicos y genéticos sobre otros efectos no clásicos de la vitamina D, como el desarrollo y la progresión de diferentes cánceres. El objetivo del presente artículo es brindar una revisión sobre los mecanismos moleculares de la acción antineoplásica de la vitamina D. Estos efectos no están completamente establecidos pero se sabe que la vitamina D induce el arresto del ciclo celular, desencadena vías apoptóticas, inhibe la angiogénesis y altera la adhesión celular. Mantener niveles adecuados de vitamina D son necesarios para una gran cantidad de procesos fisiológicos y no solamente para el mantenimiento de la homeostasis del hueso. Los estudios clínicos podrían determinar niveles de vitamina D que puedan proteger también contra el desarrollo del cáncer.
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