Anticuerpos monoclonales en enfermedades alérgicas: Desarrollo, farmacología y aplicaciones clínicas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v81.n4.44413Palabras clave:
inmunoglobulinas, alergia, asma, rinitis alérgica, farmacologíaResumen
El avance en la comprensión de los procesos inmunológicos relacionados con enfermedades alérgicas y en la bioingeniería de anticuerpos ha propiciado el desarrollo de terapias biológicas específicas. Los anticuerpos monoclonales, dirigidos selectivamente hacia citocinas involucradas en la patogénesis de los procesos alérgicos, o sus receptores, han emergido como una herramienta prometedora en el tratamiento de diversas afecciones, tales como el asma, la rinitis alérgica, la urticaria y la dermatitis atópica grave. Desde la aprobación del primer anticuerpo monoclonal anti-CD3 de origen murino en 1986, se ha transitado un largo recorrido, caracterizado por la aparición de anticuerpos quiméricos, los que por estructura molecular de la inmunoglobulina es semejante a los del ser humano denominados “humanizados” y los exactamente iguales llamados “completamente humanos”. La “humanización” de los anticuerpos monoclonales ha contribuido significativamente a reducir tanto el riesgo de inmunogenicidad como la incidencia de efectos adversos, mejorando notablemente la seguridad y eficacia de estas terapias.
Este artículo tiene como objetivo abordar la caracterización, desarrollo, farmacocinética, farmacodinamia y utilidad clínica de los anticuerpos monoclonales, principalmente focalizados en las enfermedades alérgicas.
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