Accuracy of Causes of Death in Argentina: Analysis of Strategies for Improvement

Abstract

The accuracy of data on causes of death obtained from vital statistics information systems is assessed through the percentage of garbage codes in causes of death. In Argentina, the levels of this indicator were unfavorable in the early 21st century but have shown recent improvements.
The objective of this study was to describe the scope and temporal evolution of garbage codes in causes of death in Argentina and the strategies implemented in the country to improve these inaccuracies between 2009 and 2018.

An observational, retrospective, and cross-sectional investigation was conducted based on secondary data sources (vital statistics produced by the Directorate of Statistics and Health Information - DEIS, of the Ministry of Health of Argentina). The classification and evolution of the percentage of garbage codes of causes (deaths coded with ICD-10 and classified according to Naghavi et al., 2010 adapted by PAHO/WHO, 2019), both in total and by major administrative divisions (23 provinces and CABA), were analyzed in the mentioned years. Provinces with acceptable levels and temporary improvements were selected for the analysis of the strategies used (Tierra del Fuego, Neuquén, Misiones, San Juan, Salta, and Mendoza) through a review of national and provincial regulations and interviews with key informants.

In each selected province, between 5 and 7 strategies were identified to address the issue of accuracy in the cause of death. The majority of these strategies are low-cost and widely recommended at both the national and international levels. In the province with the highest accuracy in Argentina, the adopted measure was legally supported (i.e., mandatory).

In conclusion, the study ofgarbage codes in causes of death is suitable for recognizing differences among provinces and, based on this, identifying best practices that could be applied in other contexts to strengthen the accuracy of death data.