Movilización temprana en el paciente pediátrico crítico con soporte ventilatorio. experiencia de un centro de alta complejidad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v79.n4.37197Palabras clave:
pediatría, respiración artificial, fisioterapia, cuidados críticos, rehabilitaciónResumen
En las unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica (UCIP) de nuestra región, la movilización temprana (MT) en pacientes que requieren soporte ventilatorio es una actividad poco reportada. Por este motivo destacamos la necesidad de investigaciones epidemiológicas que nos permita conocer las características de esta actividad tan relevante en la evolución de los pacientes críticos.
Objetivo: describir la población, el tiempo de inicio y la frecuencia con la que se realiza MT en los pacientes que recibieron soporte ventilatorio en una UCIP de un hospital público pediátrico de referencia latinoamericano.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y observacional, llevado a cabo en una UCIP médico-quirúrgica de 17 camas de un hospital pediátrico de Argentina, entre el 1 de julio y el 31 de diciembre de 2019. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes menores de 18 años que requirieron ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) y/o no invasiva (VMNI) durante al menos 24hs.
Resultados: Ingresaron al estudio 196 pacientes, de los cuales 124 (63,3%) recibieron VMI y 72 (37,7%) VMNI únicamente. Durante su estadía en UCIP 143 (73%) sujetos recibieron MT y de estos, 89 (62%) la iniciaron dentro de los 3 primeros días de internación. En el grupo MT 93 (65%) requirió VMI y 50 (35%) VMNI. Todos los pacientes que se traqueostomizaron en UCIP recibieron MT.
Conclusión: La movilización temprana en pacientes críticos pediátricos fue factible y precoz en más del 80% de la población estudiada. Ni la edad, ni el peso, ni el soporte ventilatorio fueron barreras o limitantes para su implementación.
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