Las ametropías: revisión actualizada para médicos no oftalmólogos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v74.n2.15529Palabras clave:
Errores de refracción, presbiopía, miopía, hiperopía, astigmatismoResumen
Los defectos de refracción se originan por un desacople entre el poder de convergencia de los lentes del ojo por un lado, es decir la córnea y el cristalino, que hacen que los rayos que llegan al ojo formen un foco y generen una imagen, y por otro lado la retina, que es la pantalla biológica fotosensible donde esa imagen será transformada en un impulso nervioso. Estos defectos incluyen la miopía, la hipermetropía y el astigmatismo. La presbicia se puede considerar también un defecto refractivo, pero de características especiales, pues solo afecta la visión próxima en mayores de 40 años. rocedure performed by an experimen enfocada en la mergencia de los lentes del ojo (c ification procedure performed by an experimAl alterar la calidad de la imagen enfocada en la zona mas sensible a la luz de la retina (la mácula), disminuyen la agudeza visual. Para su manejo existen desde el uso de anteojos y lentes de contacto hasta la corrección quirúrgica (cirugía refractiva). La incidencia de ciertos errores de refracción (específicamente de la miopía) se ha incrementado en la últimas décadas, y se han identificado algunos factores ambientales relacionados con ello. Algunas medidas de manejo médico de la misma han mostrado un efecto positivo en el control de su aparición y progresión.
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