Clasificación y filogenia de Amaryllidaceae, la síntesis moderna y el camino por recorrer: una revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v58.n3.40046Palabras clave:
Geófitos, sistemática, secuencias de ADN, taxonomía, monocotiledóneasResumen
La clasificación y la historia filogenética de las Amaryllidaceae se revisa desde el amanecer de la sistemática molecular en la década de 1990. Actualmente, se reconoce que la familia comprende tres subfamilias: Agapanthoideae, Allioideae y Amaryllidoideae, de las cuales la última es la más grande. La familia probablemente se originó en Gondwana, en lo que ahora es África. Agapanthoideae es monotípica, endémica de Sudáfrica y la primera rama del árbol genealógico de la vida de la familia; Allioidieae es hermana de Amaryllidoideae. Se reconocen cuatro tribus en Allioideae: Allieae (monotípica, con casi 1000 especies de Allium en el hemisferio norte), Gilliesieae (5–7 géneros del sur de América del Sur), Leucocoryneae (seis géneros principalmente en el sur de América del Sur) y Tulbaghieae (monotípica, con unas 30 especies endémicas de Sudáfrica). Amaryllidoideae es cosmopolita, pero en su mayoría pantropical, y consta de 13 tribus. Los centros de diversidad se encuentran en Sudáfrica, América del Sur y la región del Mediterráneo. El clado americano es hermano del clado euroasiático (tribus Galantheae, Lycorideae, Narcisseae y Pancratieae) de la subfamilia. Las Amaryllidoideae americanas se resuelven en dos grupos monofiléticos, 1) el clado hippeastroide (tribus Griffineae e Hippeastreae) y 2) el clado tetraploide andino (tribus Clinantheae, Eucharideae, Eustephieae e Hymenocallideae). Se revisan los análisis moleculares para cada clado principal de la familia, junto con los cambios taxonómicos resultantes. Se discuten brevemente las direcciones para futuros estudios.
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