Analysis of various compounds in commercial yerbas preparations and their potential medication interactions

Abstract

For centuries, medicinal plants have been included in numerous infusions to prevent illnesses and promote health. In our country, it is common to consume them in combination with 'yerba mate', without considering that their active compounds can interact with medications, primarily in their metabolism or elimination from the body. This study aims to identify the most widely distributed medicinal herbs in the local market within yerba mate blends and assess whether there are interactions with medications commonly used by the general population.

A survey was conducted by visiting different supermarkets in the City of Córdoba. Twelve brands of 'yerba mate' containing commonly used herbs were considered. Subsequently, a descriptive statistical analysis of proportions was performed to determine which herbs are the most commonly marketed, followed by a literature review for each.

Based on the sample of analyzed yerba mate blends, it was determined that: 84% contained “menta”, 76% contained “poleo”, 32% contained “peperina”, 32% contained “cedrón”, 24% contained “manzanilla”, 12% contained “boldo”, 8% contained “burro”, 8% contained “marcela”, 4% contained “tilo”, 4% contained “salvia”, and 4% contained “eucalipto”. None of the yerba mate blends analyzed described the quantity or percentage of herbs used in each presentation.

Previous studies indicate that “manzanilla” reduces the enzyme of cytochrome P-450 (CYP3A4), potentially increasing the concentration of calcium antagonists and statins such as simvastatin and lovastatin. It also affects the central nervous system, synergizing its sedative effect with drugs like benzodiazepines; reduces iron absorption, and increases the risk of bleeding when used with oral anticoagulants. It is also important to mention the interaction between the active principle of “yerba mate” and various medications due to its effect on reducing clearance, leading to increased activity of antibiotics like ciprofloxacin and calcium antagonists like verapamil. In conclusion, it is essential to consider that the consumption of medicinal herbs is not without risks, even though their therapeutic margin may be broad. Chronic consumption of these substances could lead to significant interactions with medications used to treat various medical conditions.