Prevención del cáncer de Cérvix: puesta al día
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v62.n2.27915Palabras clave:
.Resumen
Se ha observado en los últimos años un incremento del carcinoma del cuello uterino de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical,. Los factores de riesgo más importantes para el cáncer de cerviz son el inicio precoz, de las relaciones sexuales, el número de parejas sexuales, el tabaco, los anticonceptivos orales, paridad, estados de inmunosu-presión, y enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Igual-mente, se ha demostrado el importante papel del virus del papiloma humano. Se han clasificado en tres grupos de VPH: de bajo riesgo, tipos 6 y 11; de mediano riesgo, tipos 31, 33 y 35 y de alto riesgo, los mas frecuentemente encontrados son tipos 16 y 18, que presentan frecuente asociación con el cáncer del cuello uterino y con las lesiones intraepiteliales de alto grado. La citología cervicovaginal sigue siendo el método diagnóstico de mayor valor para detectar la neoplasia intracervical cervical( CIN) o lesiones escamosas (SIL) y el carcinoma invasivo estadios precoces, discutiéndose la periodicidad y el grupo de mujeres al cual debe apuntar este método. Existen diferentes conductas de acuerdo a si se trata de SIL de bajo o alto grado o carcinoma invasor. Con la posibilidad de realizar control o tratamiento; como, vaporización con láser, asa diatérmica (LLETZ), crioterapia, conización y actualmente en estudio tratamiento médico con los retinoides, el 5-fluoro-uracilo e interferones para el tratamiento de las lesiones reneoplasicas. La creación de una vacuna contra el HPV podría tener un significativo impacto sobre esta patología.
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Parkin DM, Pisan¡ P, Ferlay J. Estimates of the woriwide incidcnce of 18 major cancers in 1985. Int J Cancer 1993; 54: 594-606.
Pisan¡ P, Parkin DM. Ferlay J. Estimates of the woriwicle mortality from 18 niajor cancers in 1985. Implication and projection of future burden. mt U Cancer 1993; 55: 898-903.
Bosch F'X, De Sanjosé S. Casteilsagué X, Muñoz N. Geographical and social pattems of cervical cancer incidence. En: Franco E, Monsonego U. New dcvclopment in cervical cáncer screeningand prevention. Blackwell Science Ltd., 1997.
Boring SL, Squires TS, Tong '1'. Montgornery S. Cancer statistics 1994. CA Cancer U Clin 1994; 44: 7-26.
Kessier II. Cervical cancer epidemiology in historical perspective. U Reprod Mcd 1974; 12: 173-85.
Cramer DW. Thé r61c of cervical cytology in thé declining morbility and mortality of cervical cancer. Cancer 1974; 34: 2.018-27.
Boyes DA, Worth AJ, Anclerson CH. Experience with cervical screening in British Columbia. Gynecol Oncol 1981; 12: 143-55,8.
Ebeling K, Nischan P Organization and results of cervical cancer screening in thé German Démocratie Republic JARC Se¡ Pub¡ 1986; 76:251-66.
Van cler Graff Y, Zieihuis CA, Vooijs GP. Cervical cancer mortality in thé Netherlands. mt j Epidemiol 1988; 17: 270-6.
Laara E, Day NE, Hakama M. Trends in mortality from cervical cancer in thé Nordic countries: association with organized screening programmes. Lancet 1987: 1: 1.247-9.
Clarke EA, Anclerson TW. Does screcning by «Pap» smears help prevent cervical cancer? A case-control study. Lancet 1979: 2: 1-4,
Sasieni PD, Cuzsick J, Lynch- Farmiry E y cols. Estimating the efficacy of screening by auditing smear historiés of women with and without cervical cancer. BrJCancer 1996: 73: 1.001-5.
Noiler K. Incident and clérnographie trends in cervical neoplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996: 175: 1.088-90.
Meanwell CA. Thé cpidcmiologyand etiology of cervical cancer. En: Blackledge GRP, Jordan JA, Shingleton HM. eris. Textbook of gynécologie oncology. Filadelfia, WB Saunders, 1991; 250.
Reeves W, Brenes M, Brinton R. Cervical cancer in the Republic of Panama. Am U Epidemiol 1984; 115: 56-66.
Bosch EX. Epidemiology of cervical cancer and HPV infection. Sumary and cliscussion. En: MLUIOZ N, Bosch EX, Shati KV Meheus A, ecls. Thé epiclerniology of human papillornavirus and cervical cancer. Nueva York, Oxford University Press, 1992; 135-45.
Munoz N, CastellsaguéX. Bosch EX, Tafur L. De Sanjosé S, Aristizabal N y cols. Difficulty iii elucidating thé maie róle in cervical cancer in Colombia, a high-risk arca for thé disease. J NatiCancer Inst 1996; 88: 1.068-75.
Phillips AN, Smith CD. Cigarette smoking as a potential cause of cervical cancer: has confounding been controlled? hit J Epidemiol 1994: 23:42-9.
Rakowicz-Szulczynska EM, Mcintosh DG, Perry M, Sith Ml. PDGF AA as mediator in nicotine-dependent carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 1996; 17: 1.813-8.
Brinton LA, Herrero R. Reeves WC, De Brinton RC, Gaitan E, Tenorio E. Risk factors for cervical cancer by hystology. Gynecol Oncol 1993; 5 1:301-6.
Parazzini E La Vecchia C. Negri E. Cecchetti G, Fedele L. Reproductive factors and risk of invasive and intraepitlielial cervical neoplasia. Br U Caricer 1989; 59: 805-9.
Riplcy D, Levenback C. Elfel E. Lewis RM. Adenocarcinoma of thé cervix in a renal transplant patient (case report). Gynecol Oncol 1995; 59:151-5.
Maiman M, Fruether E., Scrur E, Levine PA, Arrastia CD, Sediis A. Reeuirent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in human immunodeficiency virus-séropositive women. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 82: 170-4.
La Vecchia C, Franceschi S, Deconti A y cols. Sexual factor, venereal diseases and risk of intraepithelial and invasive cervical neoplasia. Cancer 1986; 58: 935- 41.
Pfister H, Fuchs PC. Papillornavinises: particles, genoma organization and proteins. En: Syrjanen K, Gissmann L, Koss LG, eds. Papillornavinises and human disease. Heidelberg. Springer, 1987: 1-18.
Howley PM. Papillornaviridae and their replication. En: Fiecl BN, Knipe DN, eds. Field's virology. Nueva York, Rayen Press, 1990: 2: 58.
Stoler MH. A hrief synopsis of thé róle of human papillornaviruses in cervical careinogenesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 175:1.091-8.
Bosch FX, Manos MM, Munoz N y cols. Prevalence of human papillornavirus in cervical cancer: a woriwide perspective. J Nati Cancer Inst 1995: 87: 796-802.
Liaw K-L, HsingAW, Chen C-J y cols. Human papillornavinis and cervical neoplasia: a c case-control study in Taiwan. IntJCancer 1995; 62:565-71.
Munoz N, Bosch FX, De Sanjosé S y cols. Thé causal link between human papillornavirus and invasive cervical cancer: a population-based case-control study in Colombia and Spain. mt J Cancer 1992; 52:743-9.
Koutsky LA, Hol mes KK, Critchlow y cols. A cohort study of the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 03 in relation to papillornavirus infection. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 1.272-8.
Schwartz E, Freese UK, Gissmann L, Mayer W, Roggebuck B, Stremiau A y cols. Stnicture and transcription of human papillornavirnses séquences jo cervical carcinoma cells. Nature 1985; 314: 111-4.
Lechner MS, Laimins LA. Inhibition ofp53 DNA binding human papillornavirus E6 proteins. J Virol 1994; 68: 4.252,
"Progress in Reproductive Health Research" N° 65 2004
Koss LG. Performance ofcytology in screening for precursor lésions and early cancer of thé utérine cervi.x. En: Franco E, Monsonego J, eds. New development in cervical cancer screening and prévention. Blaewell Science, 1997; 147-50.
NIH Consensus Development Conférence on Cervical Cancer, April 1-3, 1996. Press release. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. April 1-3, 1996.
National Cancer Institute Wolkshop. Thé 1988 Bethesda System for reporting cervical/vaginal cytological diagnoses. JAMA 1989:262:931.
Ferenczy A. Thé Bethesda Systein (TBS): Advantages and Pitfalls. En: Franco E, Monsonego 3, eds. New development in cervical cancer screening and prévention. Blackwell Science, 1997; 151-8,
De Mayo RM. Cytopathology of false négatives precedmg carcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 125: 1.110-15.
McGoogan E. Advantages and limitations of automated screening Systems in Developing and devcloped countries. En: Franco E, Monsonego J, eds. New development in cervical cancer screening and prevention. Blackwell Science, 1997; 317-22.
Schwartz PE, Hadjirnichael 0, Lowell DM, Merino MJ, Janerich D.Rapidiy progressive cervical cancer: Thé Connecticut expérience. Am 3 übstetGynecol 1996; 175:1.105-9.
Eddy DM. Screening for cervical cancer. Ano Intem Med 1990; 113:14-226.
Wallon RJ. Cervical cancer screening programs. Surnrnary ofthe 1982 Canadian task force report Can-Med Assoc J 1982; 127-581.
Hakama M. Screening for cervical cancer expérience of thé Nordic Countries. En: Franco E, Monsonego J, eds. New development in cervical cancer screening and prevention. lackwell Science, 1997; 190-9.
Asociación Ginecológica Española. Sección de Prevención del Cáncer Genital Femenino. Metodologia y aplicación de las técnicas de prevención del cáncer genital femenino y de mama. Madrid, Abril 1984,
Kauftnan RH. Atypical celis of undetermined significance and low- grade squanlous inliaepithelial lésion: Diagnosdc entena and management ArnJ Obstetoynecol 1996; 175: 1.120-8.
Gonzalez Merlo J, Puig-Tintoré LM, Casanova L, Jou P Lesiones premalignas del cuello uterino. Neoplasia cervical intraepitelial. En: Gonzalez Merlo J y cols. Oncología Ginecológica. Salvat Editores S.A., 1991; 87-145.
Hclmerhorst TJM. Clinical significance of endocervicalcuretage as part of colposcopic evaluation. A review mt J Gynecol Cancer 1992:2:256-8.
J.Gonzalez-Merlo, J. Gonzalez Bosquety LI.Casanova Doménech. Lesiones premalignas del cérvix: neopasia cervical intraepitelial. En J.Gonzalez-Merlo, J. Gonzalez Bosquet Ginecología Oncológica 2° Edición: Barcelona, Masson, S.A.2000; 133-134
Pisan¡ P, Parkin DM. Ferlay J. Estimates of the woriwicle mortality from 18 niajor cancers in 1985. Implication and projection of future burden. mt U Cancer 1993; 55: 898-903.
Bosch F'X, De Sanjosé S. Casteilsagué X, Muñoz N. Geographical and social pattems of cervical cancer incidence. En: Franco E, Monsonego U. New dcvclopment in cervical cáncer screeningand prevention. Blackwell Science Ltd., 1997.
Boring SL, Squires TS, Tong '1'. Montgornery S. Cancer statistics 1994. CA Cancer U Clin 1994; 44: 7-26.
Kessier II. Cervical cancer epidemiology in historical perspective. U Reprod Mcd 1974; 12: 173-85.
Cramer DW. Thé r61c of cervical cytology in thé declining morbility and mortality of cervical cancer. Cancer 1974; 34: 2.018-27.
Boyes DA, Worth AJ, Anclerson CH. Experience with cervical screening in British Columbia. Gynecol Oncol 1981; 12: 143-55,8.
Ebeling K, Nischan P Organization and results of cervical cancer screening in thé German Démocratie Republic JARC Se¡ Pub¡ 1986; 76:251-66.
Van cler Graff Y, Zieihuis CA, Vooijs GP. Cervical cancer mortality in thé Netherlands. mt j Epidemiol 1988; 17: 270-6.
Laara E, Day NE, Hakama M. Trends in mortality from cervical cancer in thé Nordic countries: association with organized screening programmes. Lancet 1987: 1: 1.247-9.
Clarke EA, Anclerson TW. Does screcning by «Pap» smears help prevent cervical cancer? A case-control study. Lancet 1979: 2: 1-4,
Sasieni PD, Cuzsick J, Lynch- Farmiry E y cols. Estimating the efficacy of screening by auditing smear historiés of women with and without cervical cancer. BrJCancer 1996: 73: 1.001-5.
Noiler K. Incident and clérnographie trends in cervical neoplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996: 175: 1.088-90.
Meanwell CA. Thé cpidcmiologyand etiology of cervical cancer. En: Blackledge GRP, Jordan JA, Shingleton HM. eris. Textbook of gynécologie oncology. Filadelfia, WB Saunders, 1991; 250.
Reeves W, Brenes M, Brinton R. Cervical cancer in the Republic of Panama. Am U Epidemiol 1984; 115: 56-66.
Bosch EX. Epidemiology of cervical cancer and HPV infection. Sumary and cliscussion. En: MLUIOZ N, Bosch EX, Shati KV Meheus A, ecls. Thé epiclerniology of human papillornavirus and cervical cancer. Nueva York, Oxford University Press, 1992; 135-45.
Munoz N, CastellsaguéX. Bosch EX, Tafur L. De Sanjosé S, Aristizabal N y cols. Difficulty iii elucidating thé maie róle in cervical cancer in Colombia, a high-risk arca for thé disease. J NatiCancer Inst 1996; 88: 1.068-75.
Phillips AN, Smith CD. Cigarette smoking as a potential cause of cervical cancer: has confounding been controlled? hit J Epidemiol 1994: 23:42-9.
Rakowicz-Szulczynska EM, Mcintosh DG, Perry M, Sith Ml. PDGF AA as mediator in nicotine-dependent carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 1996; 17: 1.813-8.
Brinton LA, Herrero R. Reeves WC, De Brinton RC, Gaitan E, Tenorio E. Risk factors for cervical cancer by hystology. Gynecol Oncol 1993; 5 1:301-6.
Parazzini E La Vecchia C. Negri E. Cecchetti G, Fedele L. Reproductive factors and risk of invasive and intraepitlielial cervical neoplasia. Br U Caricer 1989; 59: 805-9.
Riplcy D, Levenback C. Elfel E. Lewis RM. Adenocarcinoma of thé cervix in a renal transplant patient (case report). Gynecol Oncol 1995; 59:151-5.
Maiman M, Fruether E., Scrur E, Levine PA, Arrastia CD, Sediis A. Reeuirent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in human immunodeficiency virus-séropositive women. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 82: 170-4.
La Vecchia C, Franceschi S, Deconti A y cols. Sexual factor, venereal diseases and risk of intraepithelial and invasive cervical neoplasia. Cancer 1986; 58: 935- 41.
Pfister H, Fuchs PC. Papillornavinises: particles, genoma organization and proteins. En: Syrjanen K, Gissmann L, Koss LG, eds. Papillornavinises and human disease. Heidelberg. Springer, 1987: 1-18.
Howley PM. Papillornaviridae and their replication. En: Fiecl BN, Knipe DN, eds. Field's virology. Nueva York, Rayen Press, 1990: 2: 58.
Stoler MH. A hrief synopsis of thé róle of human papillornaviruses in cervical careinogenesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 175:1.091-8.
Bosch FX, Manos MM, Munoz N y cols. Prevalence of human papillornavirus in cervical cancer: a woriwide perspective. J Nati Cancer Inst 1995: 87: 796-802.
Liaw K-L, HsingAW, Chen C-J y cols. Human papillornavinis and cervical neoplasia: a c case-control study in Taiwan. IntJCancer 1995; 62:565-71.
Munoz N, Bosch FX, De Sanjosé S y cols. Thé causal link between human papillornavirus and invasive cervical cancer: a population-based case-control study in Colombia and Spain. mt J Cancer 1992; 52:743-9.
Koutsky LA, Hol mes KK, Critchlow y cols. A cohort study of the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 03 in relation to papillornavirus infection. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 1.272-8.
Schwartz E, Freese UK, Gissmann L, Mayer W, Roggebuck B, Stremiau A y cols. Stnicture and transcription of human papillornavirnses séquences jo cervical carcinoma cells. Nature 1985; 314: 111-4.
Lechner MS, Laimins LA. Inhibition ofp53 DNA binding human papillornavirus E6 proteins. J Virol 1994; 68: 4.252,
"Progress in Reproductive Health Research" N° 65 2004
Koss LG. Performance ofcytology in screening for precursor lésions and early cancer of thé utérine cervi.x. En: Franco E, Monsonego J, eds. New development in cervical cancer screening and prévention. Blaewell Science, 1997; 147-50.
NIH Consensus Development Conférence on Cervical Cancer, April 1-3, 1996. Press release. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. April 1-3, 1996.
National Cancer Institute Wolkshop. Thé 1988 Bethesda System for reporting cervical/vaginal cytological diagnoses. JAMA 1989:262:931.
Ferenczy A. Thé Bethesda Systein (TBS): Advantages and Pitfalls. En: Franco E, Monsonego 3, eds. New development in cervical cancer screening and prévention. Blackwell Science, 1997; 151-8,
De Mayo RM. Cytopathology of false négatives precedmg carcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 125: 1.110-15.
McGoogan E. Advantages and limitations of automated screening Systems in Developing and devcloped countries. En: Franco E, Monsonego J, eds. New development in cervical cancer screening and prevention. Blackwell Science, 1997; 317-22.
Schwartz PE, Hadjirnichael 0, Lowell DM, Merino MJ, Janerich D.Rapidiy progressive cervical cancer: Thé Connecticut expérience. Am 3 übstetGynecol 1996; 175:1.105-9.
Eddy DM. Screening for cervical cancer. Ano Intem Med 1990; 113:14-226.
Wallon RJ. Cervical cancer screening programs. Surnrnary ofthe 1982 Canadian task force report Can-Med Assoc J 1982; 127-581.
Hakama M. Screening for cervical cancer expérience of thé Nordic Countries. En: Franco E, Monsonego J, eds. New development in cervical cancer screening and prevention. lackwell Science, 1997; 190-9.
Asociación Ginecológica Española. Sección de Prevención del Cáncer Genital Femenino. Metodologia y aplicación de las técnicas de prevención del cáncer genital femenino y de mama. Madrid, Abril 1984,
Kauftnan RH. Atypical celis of undetermined significance and low- grade squanlous inliaepithelial lésion: Diagnosdc entena and management ArnJ Obstetoynecol 1996; 175: 1.120-8.
Gonzalez Merlo J, Puig-Tintoré LM, Casanova L, Jou P Lesiones premalignas del cuello uterino. Neoplasia cervical intraepitelial. En: Gonzalez Merlo J y cols. Oncología Ginecológica. Salvat Editores S.A., 1991; 87-145.
Hclmerhorst TJM. Clinical significance of endocervicalcuretage as part of colposcopic evaluation. A review mt J Gynecol Cancer 1992:2:256-8.
J.Gonzalez-Merlo, J. Gonzalez Bosquety LI.Casanova Doménech. Lesiones premalignas del cérvix: neopasia cervical intraepitelial. En J.Gonzalez-Merlo, J. Gonzalez Bosquet Ginecología Oncológica 2° Edición: Barcelona, Masson, S.A.2000; 133-134
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2021-03-25
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Irico G, Escobar H, Marinelli B. Prevención del cáncer de Cérvix: puesta al día. Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba [Internet]. 25 de marzo de 2021 [citado 18 de mayo de 2024];62(2):37-4. Disponible en: https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/med/article/view/27915
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