Los “modelos de situaciones excepcionales” y el estudio de las sociedades de cazadores y recolectores.
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Arqueólogos y etnógrafos han dedicado recientemente considerable esfuerzo al estudio de las sociedades de cazadores y recolectores. Cuando se quiso aplicar el resultado de dichos trabajos a la arqueología se generaron una serie de discusiones muy útiles, las que se enfocaron principalmente sobre: (1) metodología de la inferencia, (2) límites mutuos entre la arqueología y etnografía, y (3) relevancia del presente para entender el pasado. Presentaré una discusión sobre los mismos. Estos tres temas están inextricablemente unidos entre sí, por lo que no los discutiré por separado, sino en conjunto. Se puede decir que hay un gran asunto general -el papel del argumento por analogía- que está presente en cada uno de los tres temas arriba mencionados. Por ello se puede decir que todas estas discusiones generadas alrededor de los cazadores y recolectores, tanto vivientes como extintos, dependen esencialmente del concepto de argumento por analogía.
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