A history of lithic technological studies in Paleo-Indian archaeology in the United States of America (História dos estudos tecnológicos líticos na arqueologia paleoíndia nos Estados Unidos da América)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31048/1852.4826.v16.n1.38778Palavras-chave:
Análise lítica, tecnologia lítica, história da arqueologia, arqueologia norte-americana, paleoíndio, Clovis, FolsomResumo
A análise lítica está há muito tempo no centro dos estudos paleoíndios nos Estados Unidos e, apesar das mudanças cruciais no método e na orientação, as primeiras abordagens tipológicas continuam a exercer uma grande influência na compreensão dos arqueólogos sobre os conjuntos paleoíndios. Este capítulo refuta essas abordagens normativas e apóia perspectivas dinâmicas sobre o comportamento humano. Para isso, ele descreve as contribuições históricas dos estudos tecnológicos para a disciplina, desde as primeiras influências europeias até as estruturas mais holísticas empregadas atualmente. Nossa discussão destaca três fases fundamentais de desenvolvimento, começando com o trabalho experimental fundamental no ponto de Folsom em meados do século XX. Isso levou a um maior foco nos aspectos tecnológicos da produção e do uso de ferramentas. A segunda fase é particularmente influenciada pelo desenvolvimento da arqueologia processual, que teve um efeito marcante na conceituação dos conjuntos líticos. Ela gerou um grande número de abordagens sistêmicas com foco na economia de matérias-primas líticas. Por fim, e mais recentemente, o surgimento dos estudos ecológicos culturais remodelou novamente esse cenário ao criar modos de análise que entendem a tecnologia lítica como uma adaptação estratégica em vez de um fóssil cultural. Para integrar esses desenvolvimentos no campo mais amplo dos estudos paleoíndios, consideramos artigos seminais e seu papel em anunciar novas direções, juntamente com dados que ilustram essas tendências de publicação.
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