Citation Format: External Sources

Supporting Citations

Summarize ideas without quoting verbatim. Reference must be in parentheses.

  • Example: (Russo, 2017).

Paraphrased Citations

Retain key ideas from another author but rephrase in indirect style.

  • Example: (Cámara, 2021).

Direct Quotations

  • Short quotes (under 40 words): Use double quotation marks (“ ”), Times New Roman 12.

    • Example: The scholar states that “the archive has become an ‘operator’ essential to our contemporaneity” (Cámara, 2021, p. 11).

  • Long quotes (40+ words):

    • Separated by a paragraph break
    • Times New Roman 12, no quotation marks, 2.5 cm left indentation, justified alignment
    • Example:

      The affective perspective constitutes an interdisciplinary field that brings together various approaches and is proposed as a project to explore alternative ways of approaching affective, passionate, or emotional dimensions… (Author, year, p. …).

  • Ellipses for omitted text:

    • Example: "The language of literature ... represents an even more complex system” (Author, year, p. …).

  • Brackets for added words:

    • Example: “The archive has become an ‘operator’ essential [and unavoidable for thinking about art] in our contemporaneity” (Cámara, 2021, p. 11).

Citation Format: Tables and Figures

  • Figure [number]: Times New Roman 10, bold, centered.
  • Title: Times New Roman 10, centered, no final period.
  • Image: Graphic, photograph, illustration.
  • Note: Times New Roman 10, centered (abbreviations, definitions).
  • Source: Copyright attribution or webpage link.

Films & Series: (Director’s name, year, time range)

  • Example (Film): (Encina, 2006, minute 00:30).
  • Example (Series): (Simon, 2002, S:1, E:1, minute 23:37).

Social Media Content: Figure [number] (Name, year).

  • Example: Figure 1 (Memes de la Escuela de Letras, 2022).