Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection in two hospitals in Córdoba
SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v78.n3.32518Keywords:
coronavirus infections, pneumonia, inpatients, prognosis, betacoronavirusAbstract
Introduction: COVID-19 disease shows a marked heterogeneity in its clinical course, with descriptions of some factors associated with a worse prognosis. Knowledge of the disease behavior in the local scenario is relevant to allow a better approach.
Methods: Retrospective study in two hospitals in the city of Córdoba, Argentina, with patients aged 18 years or more, hospitalized for active SARS-CoV-2 infection, from March to October, 2020.
Results: 448 patients were included, of which 95.75% corresponded to COVID-19 pneumonia. Most of the episodes occurred in men (63.6%), the median age was 63 years (IQR: 53-75), and the most frequent comorbidities were arterial hypertension (55.1%), obesity (31.7%) and diabetes mellitus (28.1%). 162 patients (36.2%) needed admission to the intensive care unit and 66 (14.7%) were placed on mechanical ventilation. 67 patients (15%) died within the first 30 days of follow-up. In the multivariate analysis, the only independent variable predictive of mortality at 30 days was age (adjusted Odds ratio [aOR] = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04-1.11, p <0.001). The 4C-Score and CALL-Score prognostic scores showed good discrimination (Area under the curve [AUC] = 0.766, 95% CI = 0.72-0.80 and AUC = 0.785, 95% CI = 0.70-0.85 respectively) and the predicted percentages of mortality were quite close to what was observed in the present study.
Conclusions: Most of the patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection presented comorbidities and were admitted with pneumonia, associated with high mortality. The prognostic scores with the best performance to predict complications were the 4C-score and the CALL-score.
Downloads
References
Melendi SE, Perez MM, Salas CE, Haedo MF, Xavier FB, Saltos Navarrete JD, Aguirre C, Baleta ML, Balsano FJ, Caldano MG, Colignon MG, de Oliveira Brasil T, de Wolodimeroff N, Déramo Aquino AI, Fernández de Córdova AG, Fontan MB, Galvagno FI, Iturrieta Araya NS, Mollinedo Cruz VS, Olivero A, Pestalardo I, Ricciardi M, Vera Rueda ML, Villaverde MC, Lauko Mauri M, Ujeda C, Leis R. COVID-19 with and without pneumonia: clinical outcomes in the internal medicine ward. Medicina (B Aires). 2020;80 Suppl 6:56-64.
Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, Huang H, Zhang L, Zhou X, Du C, Zhang Y, Song J, Wang S, Chao Y, Yang Z, Xu J, Zhou X, Chen D, Xiong W, Xu L, Zhou F, Jiang J, Bai C, Zheng J, Song Y. Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Jul 1;180(7):934-943. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994. Erratum in: JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Jul 1;180(7):1031.
Milanesio M, Escudero D, Caeiro JP. Enfermedad covid-19. Reporte del primer caso confirmado en Córdoba (Argentina) y revisión de la literatura [Covid-19 disease. Report of the first confirmed case in Córdoba (Argentina) and literatura review]. Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba. 2020 May 8;77(2):110-112. Spanish. doi: 10.31053/1853.0605.v77.n2.28421.
Seymour CW, McCreary EK, Stegenga J. Sensible Medicine-Balancing Intervention and Inaction During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA. 2020 Nov 10;324(18):1827-1828. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.20271.
Libster R, Pérez Marc G, Wappner D, Coviello S, Bianchi A, Braem V, Esteban I, Caballero MT, Wood C, Berrueta M, Rondan A, Lescano G, Cruz P, Ritou Y, Fernández Viña V, Álvarez Paggi D, Esperante S, Ferreti A, Ofman G, Ciganda Á, Rodriguez R, Lantos J, Valentini R, Itcovici N, Hintze A, Oyarvide ML, Etchegaray C, Neira A, Name I, Alfonso J, López Castelo R, Caruso G, Rapelius S, Alvez F, Etchenique F, Dimase F, Alvarez D, Aranda SS, Sánchez Yanotti C, De Luca J, Jares Baglivo S, Laudanno S, Nowogrodzki F, Larrea R, Silveyra M, Leberzstein G, Debonis A, Molinos J, González M, Perez E, Kreplak N, Pastor Argüello S, Gibbons L, Althabe F, Bergel E, Polack FP; Fundación INFANT–COVID-19 Group. Early High-Titer Plasma Therapy to Prevent Severe Covid-19 in Older Adults. N Engl J Med. 2021 Feb 18;384(7):610-618. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2033700.
RECOVERY Collaborative Group, Horby P, Lim WS, Emberson JR, Mafham M, Bell JL, Linsell L, Staplin N, Brightling C, Ustianowski A, Elmahi E, Prudon B, Green C, Felton T, Chadwick D, Rege K, Fegan C, Chappell LC, Faust SN, Jaki T, Jeffery K, Montgomery A, Rowan K, Juszczak E, Baillie JK, Haynes R, Landray MJ. Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2021 Feb 25;384(8):693-704. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2021436.
Sanders JM, Monogue ML, Jodlowski TZ, Cutrell JB. Pharmacologic Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review. JAMA. 2020 May 12;323(18):1824-1836. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.6019.
Lin L, Lu L, Cao W, Li T. Hypothesis for potential pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection-a review of immune changes in patients with viral pneumonia. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Dec;9(1):727-732. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1746199.
Bradley P, Frost F, Tharmaratnam K, Wootton DG; NW Collaborative Organisation for Respiratory Research. Utility of established prognostic scores in COVID-19 hospital admissions: multicentre prospective evaluation of CURB-65, NEWS2 and qSOFA. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2020 Dec;7(1):e000729. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000729.
Ji D, Zhang D, Xu J, Chen Z, Yang T, Zhao P, Chen G, Cheng G, Wang Y, Bi J, Tan L, Lau G, Qin E. Prediction for Progression Risk in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia: The CALL Score. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Sep 12;71(6):1393-1399. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa414.
Knight SR, Ho A, Pius R, Buchan I, Carson G, Drake TM, Dunning J, Fairfield CJ, Gamble C, Green CA, Gupta R, Halpin S, Hardwick HE, Holden KA, Horby PW, Jackson C, Mclean KA, Merson L, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Norman L, Noursadeghi M, Olliaro PL, Pritchard MG, Russell CD, Shaw CA, Sheikh A, Solomon T, Sudlow C, Swann OV, Cw Turtle L, Openshaw PJ, Baillie JK, Semple MG, Docherty AB, Harrison EM, ISARIC4C investigators. Risk stratification of patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: development and validation of the 4C Mortality Score. BMJ. 2020;370:m3339.
Freund Y, Lemachatti N, Krastinova E, Van Laer M, Claessens YE, Avondo A,Occelli C, Feral-Pierssens AL, Truchot J, Ortega M, Carneiro B, Pernet J, Claret PG, Dami F, Bloom B, Riou B, Beaune S, French Society of Emergency Medicine Collaborators Group. Prognostic Accuracy of Sepsis-3 Criteria for In-Hospital Mortality Among Patients With Suspected Infection Presenting to the Emergency Department. JAMA. 2017;317(3):301-8.
Castro HM, Canale HL, Ferreyro BL, Prieto MA, Massimino BE, Funtowicz G, Maritano Furcada J. Características clínicas de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 en un centro de argentina. Cohorte retrospectiva. Medicina (B Aires). 2020;80 Suppl 6:35-43.
Stokes EK, Zambrano LD, Anderson KN, Marder EP, Raz KM, El Burai Felix S, Tie Y, Fullerton KE. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Case Surveillance - United States, January 22-May 30, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(24):759-65.
Lopardo G, Basombrio A, Clara L, Desse J, De Vedia L, Di Libero E, Gañete M, López Furst MJ, Mykietiuk A, Nemirovsky C, Osuna C, Pensotti C, Scapellato P. Neumonía adquirida de la comunidad en adultos. Recomendaciones sobre su atención. Medicina (B Aires). 2015;75(4):245-57.
Lim WS, van der Eerden MM, Laing R, Boersma WG, Karalus N, Town GI, Lewis SA, Macfarlane JT. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study. Thorax. 2003;58(5):377-82.
Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, Hanusa BH, Weissfeld LA, Singer DE, Coley CM, Marrie TJ, Kapoor WN. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1997;336(4):243-50.
Luduena MG, Labato M, Chiaradia V, Yamuni J, Finocchietto P, Pisarevsky AA. Análisis de los primeros 100 pacientes internados por COVID-19 en el Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Medicina (B Aires). 2020;80 Suppl 6:48-55.
Wiersinga WJ, Rhodes A, Cheng AC, Peacock SJ, Prescott HC. Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review. JAMA. 2020;324(8):782-93.
Schonfeld D, Arias S, Bossio JC, Fernandez H, Gozal D, Perez-Chada D. Clinical presentation and outcomes of the first patients with COVID-19 in Argentina: Results of 207079 cases from a national database. PLoS One. 2021;16(2):e0246793.
Basbus L, Lapidus MI, Martingano I, Puga MC, Pollan J. Índice neutrófilo-linfocito como factor pronóstico de COVID-19. Medicina (B Aires). 2020;80 Suppl 3:31-6.
Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020 Apr;18(4):844-847. doi: 10.1111/jth.14768.
Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, Liu W, Wang J, Fan G, Ruan L, Song B, Cai Y, Wei M, Li X, Xia J, Chen N, Xiang J, Yu T, Bai T, Xie X, Zhang L, Li C, Yuan Y, Chen H, Li H, Huang H, Tu S, Gong F, Liu Y, Wei Y, Dong C, Zhou F, Gu X, Xu J, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Li H, Shang L, Wang K, Li K, Zhou X, Dong X, Qu Z, Lu S, Hu X, Ruan S, Luo S, Wu J, Peng L, Cheng F, Pan L, Zou J, Jia C, Wang J, Liu X, Wang S, Wu X, Ge Q, He J, Zhan H, Qiu F, Guo L, Huang C, Jaki T, Hayden FG, Horby PW, Zhang D, Wang C. A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020 May 7;382(19):1787-1799. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001282.
Simonovich VA, Burgos Pratx LD, Scibona P, Beruto MV, Vallone MG, Vázquez C, Savoy N, Giunta DH, Pérez LG, Sánchez MDL, Gamarnik AV, Ojeda DS, Santoro DM, Camino PJ, Antelo S, Rainero K, Vidiella GP, Miyazaki EA, Cornistein W, Trabadelo OA, Ross FM, Spotti M, Funtowicz G, Scordo WE, Losso MH, Ferniot I, Pardo PE, Rodriguez E, Rucci P, Pasquali J, Fuentes NA, Esperatti M, Speroni GA, Nannini EC, Matteaccio A, Michelangelo HG, Follmann D, Lane HC, Belloso WH; PlasmAr Study Group. A Randomized Trial of Convalescent Plasma in Covid-19 Severe Pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2021 Feb 18;384(7):619-629. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2031304.
Gupta S, Hayek SS, Wang W, Chan L, Mathews KS, Melamed ML, Brenner SK, Leonberg-Yoo A, Schenck EJ, Radbel J, Reiser J, Bansal A, Srivastava A, Zhou Y, Sutherland A, Green A, Shehata AM, Goyal N, Vijayan A, Velez JCQ, Shaefi S, Parikh CR, Arunthamakun J, Athavale AM, Friedman AN, Short SAP, Kibbelaar ZA, Abu Omar S, Admon AJ, Donnelly JP, Gershengorn HB, Hernán MA, Semler MW, Leaf DE; STOP-COVID Investigators. Factors Associated With Death in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the US. JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Nov 1;180(11):1436-1447. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3596. Erratum in: JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Nov 1;180(11):1555.
Docherty AB, Harrison EM, Green CA, Hardwick HE, Pius R, Norman L, Holden KA, Read JM, Dondelinger F, Carson G, Merson L, Lee J, Plotkin D, Sigfrid L, Halpin S, Jackson C, Gamble C, Horby PW, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Ho A, Russell CD, Dunning J, Openshaw PJ, Baillie JK, Semple MG; ISARIC4C investigators. Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study. BMJ. 2020 May 22;369:m1985. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1985.
Adamuz J, González-Samartino M, Jiménez-Martínez E, Tapia-Pérez M, López-Jiménez MM, Rodríguez-Fernández H, Castro-Navarro T, Zuriguel-Pérez E, Carratala J, Juvé-Udina ME. Risk of acute deterioration and care complexity individual factors associated with health outcomes in hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a multicentre cohort study. BMJ Open. 2021 Feb 17;11(2):e041726. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041726.
Bhatt PJ, Shiau S, Brunetti L, Xie Y, Solanki K, Khalid S, Mohayya S, Au PH, Pham C, Uprety P, Nahass R, Narayanan N. Risk Factors and Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Secondary Bloodstream Infections: A Multicenter Case-Control Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Jun 15;72(12):e995-e1003. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1748.
Chowdhury JF, Moores LK, Connors JM. Anticoagulation in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020 Oct 22;383(17):1675-1678. doi: 10.1056/NEJMclde2028217.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The Faculty of Medical Sciences Journal (RFCM) subscribes to the Open Access policy and does not charge authors fees for publishing, nor does it charge readers fees for accessing published articles (APC).