Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Associated With Cognitive Impairment: Possible Causality Factor
Pilot Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v78.n2.28721Keywords:
pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive, cognitive dysfunction, tobacco use disorderAbstract
BACKGRUOUND: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), a preventable and underdiagnosed pathology, can be defined as a progressive and poorly reversible limitation to airflow as a result of a persistent inflammatory response due to inhalation of harmful substances, particularly tobacco smoke. The disease has a systemic impact. Among other conditions, it may increase the risk of cognitive impairment along with its associated consequences. METHODS: Prospective, cross-sectional, observational and analytical design. The space were COPD patients who visited in two health institutions from June 2017 to September 2018. Non-probabilistic and convenience sampling. Data were collected on demographics, tobacco consumption, comorbidities (Charlson index), a validated scale for dyspnea (MCRm), the main symptom in COPD and the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) were applied along with a history of exacerbation of the disease. The severity of COPD was evaluated by spirometry according to GOLD guideline. Cognitive impairment was assessed using Neuropsi. OUTCOMES: The final sample consisted of 44 subjects. According to spirometry and GOLD, 7 patients (15.9%) classified in group 1 (mild), 19 (43.2%) in group 2 (moderate), 11 (25%) in group 3 (severe) and 7 (15.9%) in group 4 (very serious). Of the 44 patients recruited, 28 (63.6%) had normal cognitive function and 16 (36.3%) had some degree of cognitive impairment. Memory was the most compromised function. CONCLUSION: Difficulties in recruitment impeded reaching the expected sample size. However, a trend was observed favoring the association. It is important to insist on avoiding smoking because it seems to increase the risk of cognitive impairment that further disrupts the quality of life and makes treatment difficult.
Downloads
References
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global Strategy for the diagnosis, management, and the prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Report (2020). Disponible en: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/GOLD-2020-FINAL-ver1.2-03Dec19_WMV.pdf
Schou L, Østergaard B, Rasmussen LS, Rydahl-Hansen S, Phanareth K. Cognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease a systematic review. Respir Med. 2012 Aug;106(8):1071-81. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2012.03.013.
Echazarreta AL, Arias SJ, Del Olmo R, Giugno ER, Colodenco FD, Arce SC, Bossio JC, Armando G, Soriano JB; Grupo de estudio EPOC.AR. Prevalencia de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en 6 aglomerados urbanos de Argentina: el estudio EPOC.AR. Arch Bronconeumol. 2018 May;54(5):260-269. English, Spanish. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2017.09.018.
Han MK, Agusti A, Calverley PM, Celli BR, Criner G, Curtis JL, Fabbri LM, Goldin JG, Jones PW, Macnee W, Make BJ, Rabe KF, Rennard SI, Sciurba FC, Silverman EK, Vestbo J, Washko GR, Wouters EF, Martinez FJ. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease phenotypes: the future of COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010 Sep 1;182(5):598-604. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200912-1843CC.
Dodd JW. Lung disease as a determinant of cognitive decline and dementia. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2015 Mar 21;7(1):32. doi: 10.1186/s13195-015-0116-3.
Cavaillès A, Brinchault-Rabin G, Dixmier A, Goupil F, Gut-Gobert C, Marchand-Adam S, Meurice JC, Morel H, Person-Tacnet C, Leroyer C, Diot P. Comorbidities of COPD. Eur Respir Rev. 2013 Dec;22(130):454-75. doi: 10.1183/09059180.00008612.
Cleutjens FA, Janssen DJ, Ponds RW, Dijkstra JB, Wouters EF. COgnitive-pulmonary disease. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:697825. doi: 10.1155/2014/697825.
Pérez Martínez VT. El deterioro cognitivo: una mirada previsora. Rev Cubana Med Gen Integr. 2005;21(1-2).
Andrianopoulos V, Gloeckl R, Vogiatzis I, Kenn K. Cognitive impairment in COPD: should cognitive evaluation be part of respiratory assessment? Breathe (Sheff). 2017 Mar;13(1):e1-e9. doi: 10.1183/20734735.001417.
Ostrosky-Solís, F. y Lozano Gutiérrez, A. Factores Socioculturales en la valoración neuropsicológica. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento, 2012;4(2):43-50. doi: 10.32348/1852.4206.v4.n2.5173.
Querejeta, A, Farías Sarquís Y, Moreno MA, Crostelli AL, Stecco JI, Venier A, Godoy JC. Pilatti A. Test Neuropsi: Normas según edad y nivel de instrucción para Argentina. Cuadernos de Neuropsicología. 2012;6(2):48-58. doi: 10.7714/cnps/ 6.2.204.
Brusselaers N, Lagergren J. The Charlson Comorbidity Index in Registry-based Research. Methods Inf Med. 2017;56(5):401-406. doi: 10.3414/ME17-01-0051.
Perez T, Burgel PR, Paillasseur JL, Caillaud D, Deslée G, Chanez P, Roche N; INITIATIVES BPCO Scientific Committee. Modified Medical Research Council scale vs Baseline Dyspnea Index to evaluate dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2015 Aug 18;10:1663-72. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S82408.
Jones PW, Harding G, Berry P, Wiklund I, Chen WH, Kline Leidy N. Development and first validation of the COPD Assessment Test. Eur Respir J. 2009 Sep;34(3):648-54. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00102509.
López Varela MV, Montes de Oca M, Halbert R, Muiño A, Tálamo C, Pérez-Padilla R, Jardim JR, Valdivia G, Pertuzé J, Menezes AM; PLATINO team. Comorbilidades y estado de salud en individuos con y sin EPOC en 5 ciudades de América Latina: Estudio PLATINO. [Comorbidities and health status in individuals with and without COPD in five Latin American cities: the PLATINO study]. Arch Bronconeumol. 2013 Nov;49(11):468-74. English, Spanish. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2013.05.003.
Cleutjens FAHM, Spruit MA, Ponds RWHM, Vanfleteren LEGW, Franssen FME, Gijsen C, Dijkstra JB, Wouters EFM, Janssen DJA. Cognitive impairment and clinical characteristics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chron Respir Dis. 2018 May;15(2):91-102. doi: 10.1177/1479972317709651.
Yazar EE, Aydin S, Gunluoglu G, Kamat S, Gungen AC, Yildiz P. Clinical effects of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chron Respir Dis. 2018 Aug;15(3):306-314. doi: 10.1177/1479972317743757.
Torres-Sánchez I, Rodríguez-Alzueta E, Cabrera-Martos I, López-Torres I, Moreno-Ramírez MP, Valenza MC. Cognitive impairment in COPD: a systematic review. J Bras Pneumol. 2015 Mar-Apr;41(2):182-90. doi: 10.1590/S1806-37132015000004424.
Dodd JW, Getov SV, Jones PW. Cognitive function in COPD. Eur Respir J. 2010 Apr;35(4):913-22. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00125109. Erratum in: Eur Respir J. 2010 Jul;36(1):223.
Campman C, van Ranst D, Meijer JW, Sitskoorn M. Computerized screening for cognitive impairment in patients with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017 Oct 19;12:3075-3083. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S142871.
Cleutjens FA, Franssen FM, Spruit MA, Vanfleteren LE, Gijsen C, Dijkstra JB, Ponds RW, Wouters EF, Janssen DJ. Domain-specific cognitive impairment in patients with COPD and control subjects. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2016 Dec 19;12:1-11. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S119633.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The Faculty of Medical Sciences Journal (RFCM) subscribes to the Open Access policy and does not charge authors fees for publishing, nor does it charge readers fees for accessing published articles (APC).