Conservative management of the axillary nodes in operable breast cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v62.n2.27898Keywords:
.Abstract
Over the years, the treatment of breast cancer has changed dramatically. We briefly describe those changes and also the different therapeutic approches to the axillary nodes. Over the last century, the primary goal was to avoid radical surgery of the breast. However, during the last decades, the interest was mainly focused on the possibility of treating the axila jo a conservative way, in an effort to minimize the adverse effects of linfadenectomy. The sentinel node technique is of key importance, because nowadays it is possible to diagnose breast cancer at early stages when most of the times the axila is negative. The early diagnoses of breast cancer makes the sentinel node technique a relevant tool at the time of making therapeutic decisions. Wc believe that the sentinel node technique could predict in many cases the lymph node status without the need of a complete axillary dissection of the axila in patients with breast cancer.
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References
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Halstead WS: The results of operations for the cure of cáncer of the breast performed at the John Hopkins Hospital from June 1889 to January 1894. Ann Surg 20:497-555,1894.
Nih Consensus Conference on the Treatment of Early-Stage Breast Cancer. JAMA.265.39 1-395.1991
Bonnadonna G. Valagussa P: The contrihution of medicine to the primary treatmcnt of Cancer. Cancer Res 48:2314- 2324,1988.
Urban JA, Marjoni MA: Significance of Internal mammary lymph node metastases in Breast cancer. AJR Am Jil 1:130-136,1971.
Wagensteen OH: Another look at supraradical operation for breast cancer. Surgery 41:857- 761,1957.
Andreassen M, Dahi-Iversen E, Sorensen B: Extended exeresis of regional lymph nodes at Operation for carcinoma of breast and the result of a 5 year follow up of the first 98 cases With removal of the axillary as well as the supraclavicular glands. Acta Chir Scand 107:206-213,1954.
Lacour J, Bucalossi P Cacers E, et al: radical mastectorny versus radical mastectomy plus Interiial mammary dissection. Cancer 37:206-214,1976.
Hirsch J: Racliumchirurgie des brustkrebses 34:1419-1421,1927.
Atkins H, Hayward J.L Klugman D.J WayteA.B: Treatment of early breast cancer: a report After ten years of a clinical trial Br Med J 2:423-429,1972.
Veronesi U, Luini A, Del Vecchio M, et al: Radioterapy after breast preScrving surgery in women with localized cáncer of the breast. N EngJ Med: 1587-1591,1992.
NIH Consensus Conference en the Treatnicnt of Early-stage Breast Cancer. JAMA 265:391-395, 1991.
Giuliano AE: Sentinel lympadenectomy in primary breast carcinoma: An alternative to outine axillary dissection. J Surg Oncol 62:75-77,1996.
Morrow M: Axillary dissection: When and how radical? Semin Surg Oncolo 12:321- 327,1996.
Petrck J, Backwood MM: Axillary dessection: Current practice and techniquc. Curr Probl Surg 32:259-323,1995.
Ganz PA: The Quality of life after breast cancer-solving the problein of lymphedema. N Eng J Med 340:383- 385,1999.
Werner RS, Me Corrnjc 13, Petrek J, et al: Arm edema in conservatively managed breast cancer: Obcsity is a major predictive factor. Radiology 180:177-184,1991.
Clinical Practice Guideline for the care and treatment of breast cancer. A Canadian consensus docurnent. Guideline4. Axillary dissection. Can Med Assoc J 158 (suppl 3): 22s-26s, 1998.
Cabanes PA, Salmon RJ, Vilcoq JR, eta!: Value of axillary desscction in adition to lumpectomy and` radiotcrapy in early breast cancer. Lancet 339:1245-1248,1992.
Faik SJ: Radiotcrapy and the managment of the axila in early breast cancer. Br J Surg 8 1:1277-1281,1994.
Fisher B, Redmond C, Fisher E, et al: Ten years results of a randornised trial cornparing radical mastectomy with nr without radiation. N Eng J Med 312:674-681,1985.
CRC Working Party (Kings/ Cambridge) trial for early breast cancer: A detailed update at the year. Lancct 2:55- 60,1980.
Dewit JE: The significance of regional node metastasis in breast cancer. Can Med Assoc J 93: 289-293,1965.
Is routine axillary nodal dissection necessary in the treatnient of breast cáncer? Pro: I.S. Fentiman contra R. Epstein. Arbiter L.Barr. Eur. J. Cancer 32 A: 1460- 1463,1996.
Martelli G; De Palo G: Salvador¡ B et al : Is axillary lymph node dissection neccssary in elderly patients with breast carcinoma who have a clinically uninvolved axilla?.Cáncer,97. 1156-1163,2003.
Mackarcm O, Barbarisi L, Hughes K: The role of axillary dissection la early stage breast cancer. Cancer Invest 10:46 1- 470, 1992.
Ferreyra H, Allende Pinto H, Goldsman M. y col: Valor del procedimiento combinado en la correcta identificación del Ganglio Centinela. OGLA N° 3:107- 117,2003.
Cabanas RM: An approach for the treatmcnt of penhle carcinoma. Cancer 39:456- 466.1977.
Morton DL, Wen DR, Wong JH, et al: Technical detaila of intraoperative lymphatic mapping for early stage nmelanoma. Arch Surg 127:392-399,1992.
Giuliano AE, Dale PS. 'T\mrner RR, et al: Imnprovcd axillary staging of breast cancer with sentinel node lymphadenectorny. Ann Surg 222:394- 399.1995.
Cox CE,Bass SS, Mc Cann CR, eta!: Lymphatic mapping and scntinnel lymph node biopsy in patients with breast cancer. Ano Rey Med 51:525-542,2000.
Tafra L Lennin R, Swanson MS, et al: Multicenter Trial of Sentinnel nodes biopsy for breast cancer using technetium sulfur colloid ami isosulfan blue dye. Ano Surg. 233(1):51-55,2001.
Vcronessi U, Galimberti y, Zurrida 5, Pigatto F, Veronessi P, Robertson C. Pagancili G Sciascia V, Viale G: Sentinnel lymph node biopsy as an indicator for axillary disection in carly breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 37 (4):454-458,2001.
Veronessi U, Paganelli G, Viale G, et al: A ranc1ornized comparision of sentinel node biopsy with routine axillary dissection in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 349:546- 553.2003
Del Castillo R. y col: Encuentro Nacional sobre Ganglio Centinela. Cordoba Ag 2001 II Cat de Ginecología UNC IMGO Córdoba.
Loza J. Y col: Encuentro Nacional sobre Ganglio Centinela Córdoba Ag. 2001, Instituto Especializado Alexander Fleming Bs. As.
Halstead WS: The results of operations for the cure of cáncer of the breast performed at the John Hopkins Hospital from June 1889 to January 1894. Ann Surg 20:497-555,1894.
Nih Consensus Conference on the Treatment of Early-Stage Breast Cancer. JAMA.265.39 1-395.1991
Bonnadonna G. Valagussa P: The contrihution of medicine to the primary treatmcnt of Cancer. Cancer Res 48:2314- 2324,1988.
Urban JA, Marjoni MA: Significance of Internal mammary lymph node metastases in Breast cancer. AJR Am Jil 1:130-136,1971.
Wagensteen OH: Another look at supraradical operation for breast cancer. Surgery 41:857- 761,1957.
Andreassen M, Dahi-Iversen E, Sorensen B: Extended exeresis of regional lymph nodes at Operation for carcinoma of breast and the result of a 5 year follow up of the first 98 cases With removal of the axillary as well as the supraclavicular glands. Acta Chir Scand 107:206-213,1954.
Lacour J, Bucalossi P Cacers E, et al: radical mastectorny versus radical mastectomy plus Interiial mammary dissection. Cancer 37:206-214,1976.
Hirsch J: Racliumchirurgie des brustkrebses 34:1419-1421,1927.
Atkins H, Hayward J.L Klugman D.J WayteA.B: Treatment of early breast cancer: a report After ten years of a clinical trial Br Med J 2:423-429,1972.
Veronesi U, Luini A, Del Vecchio M, et al: Radioterapy after breast preScrving surgery in women with localized cáncer of the breast. N EngJ Med: 1587-1591,1992.
NIH Consensus Conference en the Treatnicnt of Early-stage Breast Cancer. JAMA 265:391-395, 1991.
Giuliano AE: Sentinel lympadenectomy in primary breast carcinoma: An alternative to outine axillary dissection. J Surg Oncol 62:75-77,1996.
Morrow M: Axillary dissection: When and how radical? Semin Surg Oncolo 12:321- 327,1996.
Petrck J, Backwood MM: Axillary dessection: Current practice and techniquc. Curr Probl Surg 32:259-323,1995.
Ganz PA: The Quality of life after breast cancer-solving the problein of lymphedema. N Eng J Med 340:383- 385,1999.
Werner RS, Me Corrnjc 13, Petrek J, et al: Arm edema in conservatively managed breast cancer: Obcsity is a major predictive factor. Radiology 180:177-184,1991.
Clinical Practice Guideline for the care and treatment of breast cancer. A Canadian consensus docurnent. Guideline4. Axillary dissection. Can Med Assoc J 158 (suppl 3): 22s-26s, 1998.
Cabanes PA, Salmon RJ, Vilcoq JR, eta!: Value of axillary desscction in adition to lumpectomy and` radiotcrapy in early breast cancer. Lancet 339:1245-1248,1992.
Faik SJ: Radiotcrapy and the managment of the axila in early breast cancer. Br J Surg 8 1:1277-1281,1994.
Fisher B, Redmond C, Fisher E, et al: Ten years results of a randornised trial cornparing radical mastectomy with nr without radiation. N Eng J Med 312:674-681,1985.
CRC Working Party (Kings/ Cambridge) trial for early breast cancer: A detailed update at the year. Lancct 2:55- 60,1980.
Dewit JE: The significance of regional node metastasis in breast cancer. Can Med Assoc J 93: 289-293,1965.
Is routine axillary nodal dissection necessary in the treatnient of breast cáncer? Pro: I.S. Fentiman contra R. Epstein. Arbiter L.Barr. Eur. J. Cancer 32 A: 1460- 1463,1996.
Martelli G; De Palo G: Salvador¡ B et al : Is axillary lymph node dissection neccssary in elderly patients with breast carcinoma who have a clinically uninvolved axilla?.Cáncer,97. 1156-1163,2003.
Mackarcm O, Barbarisi L, Hughes K: The role of axillary dissection la early stage breast cancer. Cancer Invest 10:46 1- 470, 1992.
Ferreyra H, Allende Pinto H, Goldsman M. y col: Valor del procedimiento combinado en la correcta identificación del Ganglio Centinela. OGLA N° 3:107- 117,2003.
Cabanas RM: An approach for the treatmcnt of penhle carcinoma. Cancer 39:456- 466.1977.
Morton DL, Wen DR, Wong JH, et al: Technical detaila of intraoperative lymphatic mapping for early stage nmelanoma. Arch Surg 127:392-399,1992.
Giuliano AE, Dale PS. 'T\mrner RR, et al: Imnprovcd axillary staging of breast cancer with sentinel node lymphadenectorny. Ann Surg 222:394- 399.1995.
Cox CE,Bass SS, Mc Cann CR, eta!: Lymphatic mapping and scntinnel lymph node biopsy in patients with breast cancer. Ano Rey Med 51:525-542,2000.
Tafra L Lennin R, Swanson MS, et al: Multicenter Trial of Sentinnel nodes biopsy for breast cancer using technetium sulfur colloid ami isosulfan blue dye. Ano Surg. 233(1):51-55,2001.
Vcronessi U, Galimberti y, Zurrida 5, Pigatto F, Veronessi P, Robertson C. Pagancili G Sciascia V, Viale G: Sentinnel lymph node biopsy as an indicator for axillary disection in carly breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 37 (4):454-458,2001.
Veronessi U, Paganelli G, Viale G, et al: A ranc1ornized comparision of sentinel node biopsy with routine axillary dissection in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 349:546- 553.2003
Del Castillo R. y col: Encuentro Nacional sobre Ganglio Centinela. Cordoba Ag 2001 II Cat de Ginecología UNC IMGO Córdoba.
Loza J. Y col: Encuentro Nacional sobre Ganglio Centinela Córdoba Ag. 2001, Instituto Especializado Alexander Fleming Bs. As.
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2021-03-25
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Ferreyra HD, Goldsman MG. Conservative management of the axillary nodes in operable breast cancer. Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba [Internet]. 2021 Mar. 25 [cited 2024 May 21];62(2):24-31. Available from: https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/med/article/view/27898
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