New insights into pathophysiology and treatment in chagas-mazza disease

Authors

  • Hector Walter Rivarola Universidad Nacional de Córdoba.
  • Patricia Adriana Paglini de Oliva Universidad Nacional de Córdoba.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v68.n4.21504

Keywords:

chagas disease, physiopathogenesis

Abstract

Chagas disease, discovered 103 years ago, is still one of the main endemics affecting the American continent. Between 15 and 16 million people are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and more than 25 million people are at risk of contracting the disease. In 2008, Chagas disease killed an estimated 10,000 people. It is considered to be the parasitic disease with the highest economic burden in Latin America due to its prolonged chronicity; in addition, it has begun to be a challenge for doctors in the United States and European countries due to the immigration of people coming from countries in the endemic zone.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

WHO REPORT ON CHAGAS DISEASE. World Health Organization on behalf of the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. 2010.

COURA, J.R. Uma visão sistêmica da ende mia chagásica. La enfermedad de Chagas a la puerta de los 100 años del conocimiento de una endemia americana ancestral. Publicación monográfica de la OPS 2006; 25-35.

DOBARO, D.; GÓMEZ-RUBIN, C.; SANCHEZ-RECALDE, A.; OLIAS, F.;BRET-ZURITA, M.; CUESTA-LOPEZ, E.; ROBLES-MARHUENDA,

A.;FRAILE-VICENTE, J.M.; PAÑO-PARDO, J.R.; LOPEZ-SENDON, J.Chagas’ heart disease in Europe: an emergent disease? J. Cardivasc. Med. 2008; 12: 1263-1267.

WHO. Control of Tropical Disease, CTD. 1998.

COURA, J.R. Chagas disease: what is known and what is needed. A background article. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 2007; 102: 113-122.

TEIXEIRA, A.R.L.; NASCIMENTO, R.J.; STURM, N.R. Evolution and pathology in Chagas disease – A review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz

; 101: 463-491.

TANOWITZ, H.B.; KIRCHHOFFLV, S.D.; MORRIS, S.A.; WEISS, L.M.; WITTNER, M. Chagas disease. Clin Micrb Rev 1992; 5: 400-419.

MADOERY, R. Actualizaciones en la Enfermedad de Chagas. Editores: Madoery R, Madoery C, Cámera M.I. 1993.

ANDRADE, S.G. Biodemas, zimodemas e esquistodemas: sua relação com a patologia da doença de Chagas. En Coura JR. Dinâmica das doenças infecciosas e parasitárias. GuanabaraKoogan, Río de Janeiro. 2005; 621-637.

COURA, J.R. Tripanossomose, doença de Chagas. Ciênc Cult (São Paulo) 2003; 55: 30-33.

BESTETTI, R.B.; CURY, P.M. Trypanosoma cruzi myocardial infection reactivation presenting as complete atrioventricular block in a Chagas´ heart transplant recipient. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2004; 13: 323-326.

MANOEL-CAETANO, F. DA S.; SILVA, A.E. Implications of genetic variability of Trypanosoma cruzi for the pathogenesis of Chagas disease. Cad Saude Publica. 2007; 23: 2263-2274.

TARLETON, R. Chagas disease: a role for autoimmunity? TRENDS in Parasitol 2003; 19: 447-451.

MACEDO, A.M.; MACHADO, C.R.; OLIVEIRA, R.P.; PENA, S.D.J. Trypanosoma cruzi: Genetic structure of populations and relevance of genetic variability to the pathogenesis of Chagas disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2004; 99: 1-12.

LEVIN, M.J. In chronic Chagas heart disease, don’t forget the parasite. Parasitol Today 1996; 12: 415-416.

KIERSZENBAUM, F. Chagas disease and the autoimmunity hypothesis. Clin Microbio Rev 1999; 12: 2210-2223.

BONNEY, K.M.; ENGMAN, D.M.. Chagas Heart Disease Pathogenesis: One Mechanism or Many? Curr Mol Med. 2008; 8: 510–518.

TARLETON, R.L. Parasite persistence in the aetiology of Chagas disease. Int. J. Parasitol. 2001; 31: 550–554.

TARLETON, R.L.; ZHANG, L. Chagas disease etiology: autoimmunity or parasite persistence? Parasitol. Today. 1999; 15: 94–99.

DAVILA, D.F.; ROSSELL, O.; DE BELLABARBA, G.A. Int J Parasitol. 2002; 32: 107-109.

MORRIS, S.A.; TANOWITZ, H.B.; WITTNER, M.; BILEZIKIAN, J.P. Circulation. 1990; 82: 1900-1909.

MELO, R.C.; D'AVILA, H.; FABRINO, D.L.; ALMEIDA, P.E.; BOZZA, P.T. Tissue Cell. 2003; 35: 59-67.

ELIAS, F.E.; VIGLIANO, C.A.; LAGUENS, R.P.; LEVIN, M.J.; BEREK, C. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003; 68: 242-247.

ANDREWS, N.W.; ABRAMS, C.K.; SLATIN, S.L.; GRIFFITHS, G. Cell. 1990; 61: 1277-1287.

GIORDANENGO, L.; MALDONADO, C.; RIVAROLA, H.W.; IOSA, D.; GIRONES, N.; FRESNO, M.; GEA, S. Eur J Immunol. 2000; 30: 3181-3189.

BORDA, E.S.; STERIN-BORDA, L. Int J Cardiol. 1996; 54: 149-156.

RIVAROLA, H.W.; FERNÁNDEZ, A.R.; ENDERS, J.E.; FRETES, R.; GEA, S.; PAGLINIOLIVA, P. Effects of clomipramine on Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2001; 95: 1-5.

BUSTAMANTE, J.M.; RIVAROLA, H.W.; FERNÁNDEZ, A.R.; ENDERS, J.; FRETES, R.; DE LUCA D’ORO, G.; PALMA, J.A.; PAGLINIOLIVA, P. Trypanosoma cruzi reinfections provoke synergistic effect and cardiac β-adrenergic receptors’ dysfunction in the acute phase of experimental Chagas’ disease. Experimental Parasitology 2003; 103: 136-142.

CORTI, M.; YAMPOLSKY, C. Prolonged survival and immune reconstitution after chagasic meningoencephalitis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2006; 39: 85-8.

MENGHI, C. I.; GATTA, C. L.; ARCAVI, M. Trypanosoma cruzi en el líquido cefalorraquídeo de un paciente con SIDA. Rev. argent. microbiol. [online]. 2010; 42: 42-142.

BAHIA-OLIVEIRA, L.M.; GOMES, J.A.; CANCADO, J.R.; FERRARI, T.C.; LEMOS, E.M.; LUZ, Z.M. Immunological and clinical evaluation of chagasic patients subjected to chemotherapy during the acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection 14-30 years ago. J. Infect. Dis. 2000;182: 634-38.

BUSTAMANTE, J.M.; LO PRESTI, M.S.; RIVAROLA, H.W.; FERNÁNDEZ, J.E.; ENDERS, J.E.; FRETES, R.; PALMA, J.A.; PAGLINI-OLIVA, P.A. Treatment with benznidazole or thioridazine in the cronic phase of experimental Chagas disease improves cardiopathy. Int . J Antimicrob. Ag. 2007; 29:733-739.

DE CASTRO, S.L. The challenge of Chagas’ disease chemotherapy: an update of drugs assayed against Trypanosoma cruzi. Acta Trop. 1993; 53: 83-98.

SEGURA, M.A.; MOLINA DE RASPI, E.; BASOMBRIO, M.A. Reversibility of muscle and Herat lesions in chronic; Trypanosoma cruzi infected mice after late trypanocidal treatment. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 1994; 89: 213-216.

BERNACCHI, A.S.; DE CASTRO, C.R.; DE TORANZO, E.G.D.; CASTRO, J.A. Effects of nifurtimox or benznidazole administration on rat testes: ultrastructural observations and biochemical studies. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 1986; 45: 245-256.

CALDAS, I.S.; TALVANI, A.; CALDAS, S.; CARNEIRO, C.M.; DE LANA, M.; DE MATTA GUEDES, P.; BAHIA, M.T. Benznidazole therapy

during acute phase of Chagas disease reduces parasite load but does not prevent chronic cardiac lesions. Parasitol. Res. 2008; 103:413–421.

LISBOA DE CASTRO, S.; SOEIRO, M.S. La investigación de nuevas drogas para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Chagas. www.fiocruz.br/chagas_esp/cgi/cgilua.exesys/start.htm? 2007.

URBINA, J.A.; DOCAMPO, R. Specific chemotherapy of Chagas disease: controversies and advances. Trends Parasitol. 2003; 19: 495-501.

APT, W.; ARRIBADA, A.; ZULANTAY, I.; SANCHEZ, G.; VARGAS, S.L.; RODRIGUEZ, J. Itraconazole or allopurinol in the treatment of chronic American trypanosomiasis: the regression and prevention of electrocardiographic abnormalities during 9 years of follow-up. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 2003; 97: 23-29.

CAZZULO, J.J.; STOKA, V.; TURK, V. The major cysteine proteinase of Trypanosoma cruzi: a valid target for chemotherapy of Chagas disease. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2001; 7: 1143-56.

DU, X.; GUO, C.; HANSELL, E.; DOYLE, O.; CAFFREY, C.R.; HOLLER, T.P. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of potent trypanocidal thiosemicarbazone inhibitors of the trypanosomal cysteine protease cruzain. J. Med. Chem. 2002; 45: 2695-2707.

RODAN, G.A.; MARTIN, T.J. Therapeutic approaches to bone diseases. Science 2000; 289: 1508-1514.

MONTALVETTI, A.; BAILEY, B.N.; MARTIN, M.B.; SEVERIN, G.W.; OLDFIELD, E.; DOCAMPO, R. Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 2001; 276: 33930-33937.

GOBBI, P.; LO PRESTI, M.S.; FERNÁNDEZ A.R.; ENDERS J.E.; FRETES R.; GEA S.; PAGLINI-OLIVA, P.A.; RIVAROLA, H.W. “Allopurinol is effective to modify the evolution of trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice”. Parasitology Research. 2007; 101: 1459-1462.

GOBBI, P.; LO PRESTI M SILVINA, BAEZ ALEJANDRA, FERNÁNDEZ ALICIA R, ENDERS JULIO E, FRETES RICARDO, GEA SUSANA,

PAGLINI-OLIVA PATRICIA A, RIVAROLA H WALTER. Association of clomipramine and allopurinol for the treatment of the exprimental infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasitology Research. 2010; 107:1279-83.

GALLERANO, R.R.; SOSA, R.R. Estudio de intervención en la evolución natural de la Enfermedad de Chagas. Evaluación del tratamiento antiparasitario específico. Estudio retrospectivoprospectivo de terapéutica antiparasitaria. Rev. Fac. Cienc. Méd. 2000; 57:135–162.

RAVASCHINO, E.L.; DOCAMPO, R.; RODRÍGUEZ, JB. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Phosphinopeptides against Trypanosoma cruzi Targeting Trypanothione Biosínte sis. J. Med. Chem. 2006; 49: 426-435.

OLIN-SANDOVAL, V.; MORENO-SÁNCHEZ, R.; SAAVEDRA, E. Targeting Trypanothione Metabolism in trypanosomatid human parasites. Curr Drug Targets. 2010; 11:1614-1630.

KRAUTH-SIEGEL, R.L.; SCHÖNECK, R. Tripanotione reductase and lipoamide dehydrogenase as targets for a structured based drug

desing. FASEB J. 1995; 9: 1138 – 1146.

TOVAR, J.; CUNNINGHAM, M.L.; SMITH, A.C.; CROFT, S.L.; FAIRLAMB, A.H. Down-regulation of Leishmania donovani trypanothione

reductase by heterologous expression of a transdominant homologue: effect on parasite intracellular survival. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1998; 95: 5311-5316.

AMARAL, L.; VIVEIROS, M.; KRISTIANSEN, J.E. Phenothiazines: potential alternatives for management of antibiotic resistant infections of tuberculosis and malaria in developing countries. Trop. Med. and Int. Health. 2001; 6: 1016-1022.

HAMMOND, D.J.; COVER, B.; GUTTERIDGE, W.E. A novel series of chemical structures active in vitro against the trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi . Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1984; 78: 91-95.

MOTOHASHI, N.; SAKAGAMI, H.; KAMATA, K.; YAMAMOTO, Y. Cytotoxicity and differentiation-inducing activity of phenothiazines and benzo phenotiazines derivates. Anticancer Res. 1991; 11:1933-1937.

PETRI, I. B.; SZEKERES, E. V.; BEREK, I.; MOLNAR, J.; BEREK, L.; KAWASE, M.; MOTOHASHI, N. Immunomodulating activities on

cellular cytotoxicity and the blast transformation of human lymphocyties by 10- (n-(Phthalimido) alkyl-2-substituted-10 HPhenothiazines and 1-(2-Chloroeeethyl)-3-(2-substituted-10 H-Phenothiazin-10-yl)alkyl-1-Ureas. Anticancer Res. 1996; 16: 1247-1250.

MOLNAR, J.; MANDI, Y.; PETRI, I.; SAKAGAMI, H.; KURIHARA,T. & MOTOHASHI, N. Immunomodulation activity of Phenothiazines,

Benso (a) phenothiazines and Benz (c) acridines. Anticancer Res. 1993; 13: 439-442.

MOLNAR, J.; SAKAGAMI, H.; MOTOHASHI, N. Diverse Bíological activities displayed by Phenothiazines,Benzo (a) phenothiazines and

Benz (c) acridins .Anticancer Res. 1993; 13: 1019-1026.

PAGLINI-OLIVA, P.; RIVAROLA, H.W. Central Nervous System Agents Used as Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Chemotherapy: Phenothiazines and Related Compounds. Curr. Med. Chem. Anti-Infective Agents 2003; 2: 323-333.

GUTIERREZ-CORREA, J.; FAIRLAMB, A. H.; STOPPANI, O. M. Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase is inactivated by peroxidasegenerated phenothiazine cation radicals. Free Rad. Res. 2001; 34: 363-378.

FERNÁNDEZ, A.R.; FRETES, R.; RUBIALES, S.; LACUARA, J.L.; PAGLINI-OLIVA, P. Effects of prometazine on the viability of T. cruzi.

Medicina ( Bs. Aires). 1997; 57: 59-62.

PAGLINI-OLIVA, P.; FERNÁNDEZ, A.R.; FRETES, R.; PELSMAN, A. Structural, ultraestructural studies and evolution of Trypanosoma

cruzi infected mice treated with thioridazine. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 1998; 65: 78-86.

LO PRESTI, M.S.; RIVAROLA, H.W.; BUSTAMANTE, J.M.; FERNÁNDEZ, A.R.; ENDERS, J.E.; FRETES, R.; GEA S.; PAGLINI-OLIVA, P.A. Thioridazine treatment prevents cardiopathy in Trypanosoma cruzi infected mice. Int. J. Antimicrob. Ag. 2004; 23: 634–636.

BARIOGLIO, S.R.; LACUARA, J.L.; PAGLINI OLIVA, P.J. Effects of clomipramine upon motility of Trypanososma cruzi. J. Parasitol. 1987; 73: 451 452.

RIVAROLA, H.W.; BUSTAMANTE, J.M.; LO PRESTI, M.S.; FERNÁNDEZ, A.R.; ENDERS, J.E.; GEA, S.; FRETES, R.E.; PAGLINI-OLIVA,

P.A. Trypanosoma cruzi: Chemotherapeutic effects of clomipramine in mice infected with an isolate obtained from an endemic area. Exp. Parasitol. 2005; 111: 80–86.

BAZÁN, P.C.; LO PRESTI, M.S.; RIVAROLA, H.W.; TRIQUELL, M.F.; FRETES, R.; FERNÁNDEZ, A.R.; ENDERS, J.; PAGLINI-OLIVA, P.

Chemotherapy of chronic indeterminate Chagas Disease. A novel approach to treatament. Parasitol. Res. 2008; 103: 663-669.

CASTRO, J. Toxic Side Effects of Drugs Used to Treat Chagas’ Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) Human & Exp. Tox. 2006; 25: 471-479.

BERENBAUM, M.C. A method for testing synergy with any number of agents. J. Infect. Dis. 1978; 137: 122-130.

RADLOFF, P.D.; PHILIPPS, J. Atovaquone and proguanil for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Lancet. 1996; 347: 1511-1514.

ARAÚJO, M.S.S.; MATINS-FILHO, O.A.; PEREIRA, M.E.S.; BRENER, Z. A combination of benznidazole and ketoconazole enhances efficacy of chemotherapy of experimental Chagas’ disease. A journal of Ant. Chem. 2000; 45: 819-824.

JIMENEZ-KAIRUZ, A.; RAMIREZ RIGO, V.; QUINTEROS, D.; VILCHES, A.P.; OLIVERA, M.E.; ALOVERO, F.; MANZO, R.H. Recientes

contribuciones sobre la utilización de Polielectrolitos en sistemas portadores de fármacos. Parte I: Dispersiones Acuosas. Rev. Farm.: Reviews. Academia Nacional de Farmacia y Bioquímica. 2008; 150: 11–25.

PALENA, M.C.; ARDUSSO, M.S.; MANZO, R.H.; JIMENEZ-KAIRUZ, A.F. Polyelectrolytes as Drug Carriers. Analysis by Dynamic Light

Scattering of Reconstituted and in-situ Prepared Model Polymethacrylate-Drug Aqueous Dispersions. The Open Nanoscience J. 2010; 4: 1-7.

Published

2018-09-28

How to Cite

1.
Rivarola HW, Paglini de Oliva PA. New insights into pathophysiology and treatment in chagas-mazza disease. Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba [Internet]. 2018 Sep. 28 [cited 2024 May 17];68(4):156-63. Available from: https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/med/article/view/21504

Issue

Section

Literature Reviews