Collective housing as a response to urban transformations. Approaches from three proposals for residential spaces

Abstract

Collective housing originates associated with urban needs, and has evolved according to the transformations of cities. Currently fifty-six percent of the world population is urban andit is assumed that this trend will continue to grow, and by 2050 the percentage will rise to seventy percent. On the other hand, the right to housing is recognized in national constitutions, in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The aforementioned urban population increase impacts the requirement for collective housing, as well as the context in which they are deployed. Density increases and there is friction due to proximity, while dynamics and subjective needs change. That is why its generation based on an approach that weights the contextual variables in the highest degree of interrelation possible is considered prevailing, so that each proposal can be woven dialogically with its environment. Regarding the particular situation in Argentina, although since the 19th century some aspects of hygiene have been applied to solve the problem of habitability, particularly in Buenos Aires, this only deepened in the following century. In this regard, it is worth mentioning that from the mid-twentieth century, the National
Constitution incorporates the right to adequate housing, but even so, there is evidence of a housing deficit, which is expressed both quantitatively and qualitatively, and although a considerable percentage of the population has with homes, these require improvements, adaptations and repairs to guarantee decent habitability. It is imperative then, the proper use of resources and the implementation of project processes that consider the insertion context and habitability variables. This article proposes a critical reading of these interrelated variables, based on the comparison of contemporary Argentine collective housing.