Osteoarqueologia e tafonomia de um enterro do Holoceno tardio: El Molle 1 (Tucumán, Argentina)
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O sítio arqueológico El Molle 1 está localizado em uma área montanhosa da província de Tucumán, no noroeste da Argentina. É um local de sepultamento humano que foi encontrado parcialmente erodido na margem de um leito de rio seco. O local do sepultamento foi datado de 2.210 ± 20 anos BP e as análises isotópicas estabeleceram que a dieta do indivíduo era a de um caçador-coletor. Os objetivos desta pesquisa estão enquadrados em uma abordagem multidisciplinar que inclui osteoarqueologia, tafonomia, radiologia e microscopia para estudar restos humanos e aprender algo sobre a vida e a história pós-morte do indivíduo, bem como as práticas funerárias das pessoas que viviam na área naquela época. Os resultados mostram que 62% do esqueleto está preservado e que os restos mortais correspondem a uma mulher entre 35 e 40 anos de idade. Com base no comprimento da tíbia e do fêmur, ela tinha pouco mais de 157 cm de altura. As linhas de Harris na tíbia indicam estresse metabólico entre as idades de nove e 14 anos, enquanto a alteração óssea no membro inferior direito indica estresse funcional no momento da morte. A assimetria bilateral das hastes umerais sugere que ela era canhota. A corrosão ácida causada por raízes afeta 98% dos espécimes e alguns dos vestígios evidenciam queimaduras que desgastaram as superfícies ósseas. O sítio El Molle 1 é interpretado como um sepultamento primário com perda de restos ósseos devido à erosão.
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