Primeiro registro de lesões por tuberculose em amostras zooarqueológicas de pinípedes otarídios. Novos aspectos da origem pré-europeia da tuberculose humana na América do Sul e mecanismos de disseminação do Mycobacterium pinnipedii no Hemisfério Sul. (publicação em inglês)
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Em 2003, a Mycobacterium pinnipedii foi descrita como responsável pela causa da tuberculose (TB) em pinípedes otarianos na Argentina e na Austrália. Esta espécie é a única espécie marinha do Complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBTC), que também afeta outros mamíferos domésticos, selvagens e humanos. Devido aos numerosos registros de tuberculose humana pré-colombiana na América do Sul, uma nova hipótese sobre a origem desta zoonose através dos pinípedes otarídios surgiu em 2010-2011. Em 2014 esta hipótese foi confirmada através de antigos estudos de DNA de três múmias (700-1.000 anos BP) da cultura Chiribaya (Peru). Na ausência de registros de TB óssea em amostras zooarqueológicas de pinípedes da América do Sul e do resto do mundo, nosso estudo visou examinar amostras zooarqueológicas de pinípedes otarídios de sítios costeiros no Canal Beagle (Terra do Fogo, Argentina), sendo o mais antigo o Túnel I (6.400-4.300 anos BP). Foi analisado um total de 4.138 vértebras, das quais 0,46% apresentavam lesões compatíveis com a tuberculose. Além disso, uma nova hipótese sobre possíveis mecanismos de disseminação do Mycobacterium pinnipedii é proposta, sugerindo possíveis rotas de transmissão para as diferentes espécies de pinípedes otarianos no Hemisfério Sul. A Mycobacterium pinnipedii é uma das micobactérias mais agressivas do WBCM e de maior risco para os seres humanos.
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