Does the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II Really Measure Experiential Avoidance?

Authors

  • Pablo Valencia Asociación Peruana Contextual-Conductual de Psicología Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35670/1667-4545.v19.n3.26776

Keywords:

experiential avoidance, AAQ-II, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, factor analysis, validity

Abstract

La evitación experiencial (EE) ha jugado un papel importante en las conceptualizaciones tempranas y recientes de la terapia de aceptación y compromiso. El Cuestionario de Aceptación y Acción II (AAQ-II; Bond et al., 2011) es muy usado como una medida de la EE, a pesar de las críticas sobre su validez. El presente estudio examinó las correlaciones latentes entre el AAQ-II y una nueva medida de EE: el Cuestionario de Evitación del Sufrimiento (ASQ). Además, se examinaron las correlaciones con el Cuestionario de Fusión Cognitiva (CFQ; Gillanders, 2014). Doscientos cuarenta estudiantes universitarios (59% mujeres, Medad = 20.33) completaron los cuestionarios. Se realizaron análisis factoriales no restringidos y restringidos para examinar las asociaciones hipotetizadas. El AAQ-II mostró una fuerte correlación con el CFQ, pero una correlación bastante débil con el ASQ. Estos resultados sugieren que el AAQ-II podría no ser una medida de EE.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

  • Pablo Valencia, Asociación Peruana Contextual-Conductual de Psicología

    Psicólogo e investigador adscrito a la Asociación Peruana Contextual-Conductual de Psicología.

References

A-Tjak, J. G. L., Davis, M. L., Morina, N., Powers, M. B., Smits, J. A. J., & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2015). A meta-analysis of the efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for clinically relevant mental and physical health problems. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 84(1), 30-36. doi: 10.1159/000365764

Barajas, S. (2015). Evitación y psicopatología: Un estudio a través de una tarea experimental y su relación con medidas de autoinforme. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 20(1), 63-73. doi: 10.5944/rppc.vol.1.num.1.2015.14409

Barajas, S., Garra, L., & Ros, L. (2017). Avoidance in anxiety and depression: Adaptation of the Cognitive-Behavioral Avoidance Scale in a Spanish sample. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 20, e18. doi: 10.1017/sjp.2017.16

Bardeen, J. R., & Fergus, T. A. (2016). The interactive effect of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance on anxiety, depression, stress and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 5(1), 1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.02.002

Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., … Zettle, R. D. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy, 42(4), 676-688. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007

Borgogna, N. C., & McDermott, R. C. (2018). The role of gender, experiential avoidance, and scrupulosity in problematic pornography viewing: A moderated-mediation model. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 25(4), 319-344. doi: 10.1080/10720162.2018.1503123

Brosseau-Liard, P. E., & Savalei, V. (2014). Adjusting incremental fit indices for nonnormality. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 49(5), 460-470. doi: 10.1080/00273171.2014.933697

Brosseau-Liard, P. E., Savalei, V., & Li, L. (2012). An investigation of the sample performance of two nonnormality corrections for RMSEA. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 47(6), 904-930. doi: 10.1080/00273171.2012.715252

Byrne, B. M. (2012). Structural equation modeling with Mplus: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Nueva York, NY: Routledge.

Chawla, N., & Ostafin, B. (2007). Experiential avoidance as a functional dimensional approach to psychopathology: An empirical review. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(9), 871-890. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20400

Chou, W.-P., Yen, C.-F., & Liu, T.-L. (2018). Predicting effects of psychological inflexibility/experiential avoidance and stress coping strategies for internet addiction, significant depression, and suicidality in college students: A prospective study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(4), 1-11. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15040788

Ciarrochi, J., Bilich, L., & Godsell, C. (2010). Psychological flexibility as a mechanism of change in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. In R. A. Baer (Ed.), Assessing mindfulness and acceptance processes in clients: Illuminating the theory and practice of change (pp. 51-75). Oakland, CA: New Harbinger.

Espejo, E. P., Gorlick, A., & Castriotta, N. (2017). Changes in threat-related cognitions and experiential avoidance in group-based transdiagnostic CBT for anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 46, 65-71. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.006

Ferrando, P. J., & Anguiano-Carrasco, C. (2010). El análisis factorial como técnica de investigación en psicología. Papeles del Psicólogo, 31(1), 18-33. Retrieved from

http://www.papelesdelpsicologo.es

Ferrando, P. J., & Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2000). Unrestricted versus restricted factor analysis of multidimensional test items: Some aspects of the problem and some suggestions. Psicológica, 21(3), 301-323. Retrieved from https://www.uv.es/psicologica

Gámez, W., Chmielewski, M., Kotov, R., Ruggero, C., Suzuki, N., & Watson, D. (2014). The Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire: Development and initial validation. Psychological Assessment, 26(1), 35-45. doi: 10.1037/a0034473

Gámez, W., Chmielewski, M., Kotov, R., Ruggero, C., & Watson, D. (2011). Development of a measure of experiential avoidance: The Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 692-713. doi: 10.1037/a0023242

Gillanders, D. T., Bolderston, H., Bond, F. W., Dempster, M., Flaxman, P. E., Campbell, L., … Remington, B. (2014). The development and initial validation of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. Behavior Therapy, 45(1), 83-101. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2013.09.001

Greco, L. A., Lambert, W., & Baer, R. A. (2008). Psychological inflexibility in childhood and adolescence: Development and evaluation of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth. Psychological Assessment, 20(2), 93-102. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.20.2.93

Hacker, T., Stone, P., & MacBeth, A. (2016). Acceptance and commitment therapy – Do we know enough? Cumulative and sequential meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Affective Disorders, 190, 551-565. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.053

Hadash, Y., Lichtash, Y., & Bernstein, A. (2017). Measuring decentering and related constructs: Capacity and limitations of extant assessment scales. Mindfulness, 8(6), 1674-1688. doi: 10.1007/s12671-017-0743-9

Hayes, S. C. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behavior Therapy, 35(4), 639-665. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80013-3

Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1-25. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006

Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York, NY: Guilford.

Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford.

Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., Wilson, K. G., Bissett, R. T., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, D., … McCurry, S. M. (2004). Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model. The Psychological Record, 54(4), 553-578. doi: 10.1007/BF03395492

Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1152-1168. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152

Levin, M. E., Lee, E. B., & Twohig, M. P. (2019). The role of experiential avoidance in problematic pornography viewing. The Psychological Record, 69(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1007/s40732-018-0302-3

Mardia, K. V. (1970). Measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis with applications. Biometrika, 57(3), 519-530. doi: 10.1093/biomet/57.3.519

McEnteggart, C. (2018). A brief tutorial on acceptance and commitment therapy as seen through the lens of derived stimulus relations. Perspectives on Behavior Science, 41(1), 215-227. doi: 10.1007/s40614-018-0149-6

Muñiz, J., Elosua, P., & Hambleton, R. K. (2013). Directrices para la traducción y adaptación de los tests: Segunda edición. Psicothema, 25(2), 151-157. Retrieved from http://www.psicothema.com

Newsome, D., Newsome, K., Fuller, T. C., & Meyer, S. (2019). How contextual behavioral scientists measure and report about behavior: A review of JCBS. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 347-354. doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.11.005

Ong, C. W., Lee, E. B., Levin, M. E., & Twohig, M. P. (2019). A review of AAQ variants and other contextspecific measures of psychological flexibility. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 329-346. doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.02.007

Patrón-Espinosa, F. (2010). La evitación experiencial y su medición por medio del AAQ-II. Enseñanza e Investigación en Psicología, 15(1), 5-19. Retrieved from https://www.redalyc.org

R Core Team. (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (version 3.5.3) [software]. Vienna: R Foundation of Statistical Computing. Retrieved from https://www.r-project.org

Renshaw, T. L. (2018). Probing the relative psychometric validity of three measures of psychological inflexibility. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 7, 47-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.12.001

Revelle, W. (2019). Psych: Procedures for Personality and Psychological Research (version 1.8.12) [software]. Retrieved from https://cran.r-project.org/package=psych

Rochefort, C., Baldwin, A. S., & Chmielewski, M. (2018). Experiential avoidance: An examination of the construct validity of the AAQ-II and MEAQ. Behavior Therapy, 49(3), 435-449. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2017.08.008

Romero-Moreno, R., Márquez-González, M., Losada, A., Gillanders, D., & Fernández-Fernández, V. (2014). Cognitive fusion in dementia caregiving: Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the ‘Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire’. Psicología Conductual, 22(1), 117-132. Retrieved from https://www.behavioralpsycho.com

Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1-36. doi: 10.18637/jss.v048.i02

Ruiz, F. J., Langer-Herrera, A. I., Luciano, C., Cangas, A. J., & Beltrán, I. (2013). Measuring experiential avoidance and psychological inflexibility: The Spanish version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - II. Psicothema, 25(1), 123-129. Retrieved from http://www.psicothema.com

Ruiz, F. J., Suárez-Falcón, J. C., Cárdenas-Sierra, S., Durán, Y., Guerrero, K., & Riaño-Hernández, D. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II in Colombia. The Psychological Record, 66(3), 429-437. doi: 10.1007/s40732-016-0183-2

Ruiz, F. J., Suárez-Falcón, J. C., Riaño-Hernández, D., & Gillanders, D. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire in Colombia. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 49(1), 80-87. doi: 10.1016/J.RLP.2016.09.006

Shorey, R. C., Elmquist, J., Zucosky, H., Febres, J., Brasfield, H., & Stuart, G. L. (2014). Experiential avoidance and male dating violence perpetration: An initial investigation. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3(2), 117-123. doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.02.003

Spinhoven, P., Drost, J., de Rooij, M., van Hemert, A. M., & Penninx, B. W. (2014). A longitudinal study of experiential avoidance in emotional disorders. Behavior Therapy, 45(6), 840-850. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2014.07.001

Tavakoli, N., Broyles, A., Reid, E. K., Sandoval, J. R., & Correa-Fernández, V. (2019). Psychological inflexibility as it relates to stress, worry, generalized anxiety, and somatization in an ethnically diverse sample of college students. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 11, 1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.11.001

Tyndall, I., Waldeck, D., Pancani, L., Whelan, R., Roche, B., & Dawson, D. L. (2019). The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) as a measure of experiential avoidance: Concerns over discriminant validity. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 278-284. doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.09.005

Valencia, P. D. (2018). El Cuestionario Breve de Evitación Experiencial: ¿Una alternativa viable al AAQ-II? Pensando Psicología, 14(24), 1-11. Retrieved from https://revistas.ucc.edu.co/index.php/pe/index

Valencia, P. D., & Falcón, C. (2019). Estructura factorial del Cuestionario de Fusión Cognitiva en universitarios de Lima. Interacciones. Revista de Avances en Psicología, 5(2), 1-9. doi: 10.24016/2019.v5n2.167

Valencia, P. D., & Falcón, C. (in press). Validez y confiabilidad del Cuestionario de Aceptación y Acción II (AAQ-II) en universitarios de Lima. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencia Psicológica.

Wolgast, M. (2014). What does the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) really measure? Behavior Therapy, 45(6), 831-839. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2014.07.002

Yuan, K.-H., & Bentler, P. M. (2000). Three likelihoodbased methods for mean and covariance structure analysis with nonnormal missing data. Sociological Methodology, 30(1), 165-200. doi: 10.1111/0081-1750.00078

Downloads

Published

2019-12-07

Issue

Section

Investigaciones originales

How to Cite

Does the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II Really Measure Experiential Avoidance?. (2019). Revista Evaluar, 19(3), 42-53. https://doi.org/10.35670/1667-4545.v19.n3.26776