Adaptive Evaluation of Neuroticism through the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

Authors

  • Facundo Juan Pablo Abal Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7023-5380
  • Gabriela Susana Lozzia Instituto de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7753-6303
  • Sofía Esmeralda Auné Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0620-0199
  • Horacio Félix Attorresi Instituto de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3027-1069

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35670/1667-4545.v19.n1.23877

Keywords:

neuroticismo, Eysenck, test adaptativo informatizado, modelo logístico de dos parámetros, Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem

Abstract

This work analyses the convenience of adaptive-ly administering the neuroticism items belonging to the Argentine adaptation of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The study included 594 people from the general population. Seventy percent of the cases were used to calibrate items according to the two-parameter logistic model. The rest of the cases were used to analyse evidence of validity and reliability of the computerized adaptive test using a mix stopping criterion (estimation error ≤ .4 or ad-ministration of 9 items). Results showed that 48.9% of the participants reached an ≤ .4 error after the administration of 6 items and that 69.1% required 9 items or less. The cor-relation between the level estimated with the full test and the adaptive version was of .98. The association with exter-nal criteria did not vary substantially either. The discussion addresses the advantages and limitations that stem from the lack of items which are discriminative at low-trait levels.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Facundo Juan Pablo Abal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires.

    Doctor en Psicología. Investigador asistente, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Profesor adjunto de la Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires.

  • Gabriela Susana Lozzia, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires.

    Doctora y profesora en Psicología. Profesora adjunta de la Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires.

  • Horacio Félix Attorresi, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires.

    Licenciado en Ciencias Matemáticas. Profesor consulto titular de la Universidad de Buenos Aires.

References

Abad, F. J., Olea, J., Ponsoda, V., & García, C. (2011). Medición en Ciencias Sociales y de la Salud. Madrid, España: Síntesis.

Alcázar-Córcoles, M. A., Verdejo-García, A. J., Bouso-Sáiz, J. C., Revuelta-Menéndez, J., & Ramírez-Lira, E. (2017). Propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de personalidad EPQ-A en una muestra de adolescentes hispanohablantes. Anuario de Psicología Jurídica, 27(1), 51-56. doi: 10.1016/j.apj.2017.02.002

Almiro, P. A, Moura, O., & Simões, M. R. (2016). Psychometric properties of the European Portuguese version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised (EPQ-R). Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 88-93. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.050

Aluja, A., García, O., & García, L. F. (2003). A psychometric analysis of the revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire short scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(2), 449-460. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00206-4

Baldasaro, R. E., Shanahan, M. J., & Bauer, D. J. (2013). Psychometric properties of the Mini-IPIP in a large,nationally representative sample of young adults. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95(1), 74-84. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2012.700466

Bech, P. (2016). Neuroticism (Eysenck’s Theory). En V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences (pp. 1-4). doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1094-1

Bowden, S. C., Saklofske, D. H., van de Vijver, F. J. R., Sudarshan, N. J., & Eysenck, S. B. G. (2016). Crosscultural measurement invariance of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire across 33 countries. Personality and Individual Differences, 103, 53-60. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.028

Byrne, B. M. (2012). Structural equation modeling with Mplus: Basics, concepts, applications, and programming. New York, NY: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780203807644

Cai, L., Thissen, D., & du Toit, S. H. C. (2011). IRTPRO for Windows [software de cómputo]. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International.

Calboli, F. C. F., Tozzi, F., Galwey, N. W., Antoniades, A., Mooser, V., Preisig, M., … Balding, D. J. (2010). A genome-wide association study of neuroticism in a population-based sample. PLoS One, 5(7), 1-7. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011504

Casullo, M. (2004). Síntomas psicopatológicos en adultos urbanos. Psicología y Ciencia Social, 6(1), 49-57. Recuperado de https://biblat.unam.mx/es/revista/psicologia-y-ciencia-social

Cattell, R. B. (1957). Personality and Motivation Structure and Measurement. Oxford, Inglaterra: World Book Co.

Chang, H. H. (2015). Psychometrics behind computerized adaptive testing. Psychometrika, 80(1), 1-20. doi: 10.1007/s11336-014-9401-5

Choi, S. W. (2009). Firestar: Computerized adaptive testing simulation program for Polytomous Item Response Theory models. Applied Psychological Measurement, 33(8), 644-645. doi: 10.1177/0146621608329892

Colledani, D., Anselmi, P., & Robusto, E. (2018). Using Item Response Theory for the development of a new short form of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-13. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01834

Colledani, D., Robusto, E., & Anselmi, P. (2018). Development of a new abbreviated form of the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised. Personality and Individual Differences, 120, 159-165. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.037

Credé, M., Harms, P., Niehorster, S., & Gaye-Valentine, A. (2012). An evaluation of the consequences of using short measures of the Big Five personality traits. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(4), 874-888. doi: 10.1037/a0027403

De Raad, B., & Mla?i?, B. (2015). Big Five Factor model, theory and structure. En J. D. Wright (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (2ª. ed., Vol. II, pp. 559-566). Oxford, Reino Unido: Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.25066-6

Derogatis, L. (1994). SCL-90-R. Symptom Checklist-90-R. Administration, Scoring and Procedures Manual. Minneapolis, MN: National Computer System.

Digman, J. M. (1990). Personality structure: Emergence of the Five-Factor model. Annual Review of Psychology, 41(1), 417-440. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.41.1.417

Donnellan, M. B., Oswald, F. L., Baird, B. M., & Lucas, R. E. (2006). The Mini-IPIP scales: Tiny-yet-effective measures of the Big Five Factors of personality. Psychological Assessment, 18(2), 192-203. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.18.2.192

Drasgow, F., Levine, M. V., Tsien, S., Williams, B. A., & Mead, A. D. (1995). Fitting Polytomous Item Response Theory models to multiple-choice tests. Applied Psychological Measurement, 19(2), 143-165. doi: 10.1177/014662169501900203

Dumont, F. (2010). A History of Personality Psychology: Theory, Science, and Research from Hellenism to the Twenty-first Century. New York, NY: Cambridge University. doi: 10.1017/cbo9780511676093.002

Embretson, S. E., & Reise, S. P. (2000). Item Response Theory for Psychologists. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Eysenck, H. J. (1947). Dimensions of Personality. Londres, Reino Unido: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Eysenck, H. J. (1952). The scientific study of personality. Londres, Reino Unido: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Eysenck, H. J. (1958). A short questionnaire for the measurement of two dimensions of personality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 42(1), 14-17. doi: 10.1037/h0041738

Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1969). Personality structure and measurement. Londres, Reino Unido: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1975). Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Londres, Reino Unido: Hodder and Stoughton.

Eysenck, H. J., Barret, P., Wilson, G. D., & Jackson, C. J. (1992). Primary trait measurement of the 21 components of the P-E-N System. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 8(2), 109-117.

Eysenck, H. J., Wilson, G. D., & Jackson, C. J. (1996). Manual of the Eysenck Personality Profiler (Short). Guilford, Inglaterra: Psi-Press.

Eysenck, S. B. G., & Barrett, P. (2013). Re-introduction to cross-cultural studies of the EPQ. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(4), 485-489. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.09.022

Eysenck, S. B. G., Eysenck, H. J., & Barrett, P. (1985). A revised version of the Psychoticism Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 6(1), 21-29. doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(85)90026-1

Flores-Mendoza, C., Ardila, R., Gallegos, M., Sampaio-Braga, L., Carvalhais-Santiago, B. M., & Andrade, D. M. (2016). Hans Eysenck in Latin America: His influence in the psychology, the study of personality and individual differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 103, 68-73. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.049

Forbey, J. D., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2007). Computerized adaptive personality testing: A review and illustration with the MMPI-2 computerized adaptive version. Psychological Assessment, 19(1), 14-24. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.19.1.14

Francis, L. J, Lewis, C. A., & Ziebertz, H. G. (2006). The Short-Form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQR-S): A German edition. Social Behavior Personality: An International Journal, 34(2), 197-204. doi: 10.2224/sbp.2006.34.2.197

Francis, L. J., Brown, L. B., & Philipchalk, R. (1992). The development of an abbreviated form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQR-A): Its use among students in England, Canada, the U.S.A. and Australia. Personality and Individual Differences, 13(4), 443-449. doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(92)90073-X

Furnham, A., Eysenck, S. B. G., & Saklofske, D. H. (2008). The Eysenck personality measures: Fifty years of scale development. En G. J. Boyle, G.

Matthews & D. H. Saklofske (Eds.), The Sage handbook of personality theory and assessment (Vol. II, pp. 199-218). Los Angeles, CA: Sage. doi: 10.4135/9781849200479.n10

Goldberg, L. R. (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public-domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. En I. Mervielde, I. Deary, F. De Fruyt & F. Ostendorf (Eds.), Personality Psychology in Europe, (Vol. VII, pp. 7-28). Tilburg, The Netherlands: Tilburg University.

Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B. (2003). A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(6), 504-528. doi: 10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1

Guilford, J. P. (1940). An inventory of factors STDCR. California: Sheridan Supply.

Hajek, A., Bock, J. O., & König, H. H. (2017). The role of personality in health care use: Results of a populationbased longitudinal study in Germany. PLoS One, 12(7), 1-15. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181716

Hengartner, M. P., Kawohl, W., Haker, H., Rössler, W., & Ajdacic-Gross, V. (2016). Big Five personality traits may inform public health policy and preventive medicine: Evidence from a cross-sectional and a prospective longitudinal epidemiologic study in a Swiss community. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 84, 44-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.03.012

Jackson, C. J., Furnham, A., Forde, L., & Cotter, T. (2000). The structure of the Eysenck Personality Profiler. British Journal of Psychology, 91(2), 223-239. doi: 10.1348/000712600161808

Jeronimus, B. F., Kotov, R., Riese, H., & Ormel, J. (2016). Neuroticism’s prospective association with mental disorders halves after adjustment for baseline symptoms and psychiatric history, but the adjusted association hardly decays with time: A meta-analysis on 59 longitudinal/prospective studies with 443 313 participants. Psychological Medicine, 46(14), 2883-2906. doi: 10.1017/S0033291716001653

Lahey, B. B. (2009). Public health significance of neuroticism. American Psychologist, 64(4), 241-256. doi: 10.1037/a0015309

Lewis, C. A., Francis, L. J., Shevlin, N., & Forrest, S. (2002). Confirmatory factor analysis of the French translation of the Abbreviated Form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQR-A). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 18(2), 179-185. doi: 10.1027//1015-5759.18.2.179

Luciano, M., Hagenaars, S. P., Davies, G., Hill, W. D., Clarke, T. K., Shirali, M. … Deary, I. J. (2018). Association analysis in over 329,000 individuals identifies 116 independent variants influencing neuroticism. Nature Genetics, 50(1), 6-11. doi: 10.1038/s41588-017-0013-8

McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. Jr. (2010). NEO Inventories professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

Milojev, P., Osborne, D., Greaves, L. M., Barlow, F. K., & Sibley, C. G. (2013). The Mini-IPIP6: Tiny yet highly stable markers of Big Six personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 47(6), 936-944. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2013.09.004

Mitchell, R. L. C., & Kumari, V. (2016). Hans Eysenck’s interface between the brain and personality: Modern evidence on the cognitive neuroscience of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 103, 74-81. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.009

Moeller, S. B., Bech, P., Kessing, L., Mortensen, E. L., Austin, S. F., & Bukh, J. D. (2015). A psychometric validation analysis of Eysenck’s neuroticism and extraversion scales in a sample of first time depressed patients. Journal of Depression and Anxiety, 4(4), 1-6. doi: 10.4172/2167-1044.1000202

Muthén, L., & Muthén, B. (2010). Mplus User’s Guide. (6aed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.

Olea, J., & Ponsoda, V. (2013). Tests adaptativos informatizados. Madrid, España: UNED.

Picconi, L., Jackson, C. J., Balsamo, M., Tommasi, M., & Saggino, A. (2018). Factor structure and measurement invariance across groups of the Italian Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Short form (EPP-S). Personality and Individual Differences, 123, 76-80. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.11.013

Reise, S. P., & Henson, J. M. (2000). Computerization and adaptive administration of the NEO PI-R. Assessment, 7(4), 347-364. doi: 10.1177/107319110000700404

Reise, S. P., & Revicki, D. A. (2015). Handbook of Item Response Theory Modeling Applications to Typical Performance Assessment. Nueva York, NY: Routledge.

Revelle, W. (2016). Hans Eysenck: Personality theorist. Personality and Individual Differences, 103, 32-39. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.007

Rubio, V. J., Aguado, D., Hontangas, P. M., & Hernández, J. M. (2007). Psychometric properties of an emotional adjustment measure. An application of the Graded Response Model. EuropeanJournal of Psychological Assessment, 23(1), 39-46. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759.23.1.39

Salazar-Schneiderman, Tonetti, C. S., Sommers, L. M., & Greene, R. L. (2016). Advances in the use and interpretation of the MMPI-2. En U. Kumar (Ed.), The Wiley Handbook of Personality Assessment (pp. 158-172). Nueva York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. doi: 10.1002/9781119173489.ch12

Sánchez, R. O., & Ledesma, R. D. (2009). Análisis psicométrico del Inventario de Síntomas Revisado (SCL-90-r) en población clínica. Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica, 18(3), 265-274. Recuperado de http://www.clinicapsicologica.org.ar

Sandín, B., Valiente, R. M., Chorot, P., Olmedo, M., & Santed, M. A. (2002). Versión española del cuestionario EPQR-Abreviado (EPQR-A) (I): Análisis exploratorio de la estructura factorial. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 7(3), 195-205. doi: 10.5944/rppc.vol.7.num.3.2002.3933

Sauer-Zavala, S., Wilner, J. G., & Barlow, D. H. (2017). Addressing neuroticism in psychological treatment. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 8(3), 191-198. doi: 10.1037/per0000224

Sibley, C. G. (2012). The Mini-IPIP6: Item Response Theory analysis of a short measure of the Big-Six Factors of personality in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 41(3), 20-31. Recuperado de http://www.psychology.org.nz/publications-media/newzealand-journal-of-psychology/#.W2mQkdVKjIV

Smith, D. J., Escott-Price, V., Davies, G., Bailey, M. E. S., Colodro-Conde, L., Ward, J., … O’Donovan, M. C. (2016). Genome-wide analysis of over 106000 individuals identifies neuroticism-associated loci. Molecular Psychiatry, 21, 749-757. doi: 10.1038/mp.2016.49

Soto, C. J., & John, O. P. (2016). The next Big Five Inventory (BFI-2): Developing and assessing a hierarchical model with 15 facets to enhance bandwidth, fidelity, and predictive power. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(1), 117-143. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000096

Soto, C. J., & John., O. P. (2017). Short and extra-short forms of the Big Five Inventory-2: The BFI-2-S and BFI-2-XS. Journal of Research in Personality, 68, 69-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2017.02.004

Squillace, M., Picón-Janeiro, J., & Schmidt, V. (2013). Adaptación local del Cuestionario Revisado de Personalidad de Eysenck (Versión abreviada). Revista Evaluar, 13(1), 19-37. Recuperado de https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/revaluar

Stark, S. (2001). MODFIT: A computer program for modeldata fit. Manuscrito inédito, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, U.S.A.

Steiger, J. H. (1980). Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 87(2), 245-251. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.87.2.245

Tackett, J. L., & Lahey, B. B. (2017). Neuroticism. En T. A. Widiger (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model. New York, NY: Oxford University. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.14

Thissen, D. (2003). MULTILOG [software]. Chicago: Scientific Software International.

Thurstone, L. L., & Thurstone, T. G. (1930). A neurotic inventory. The Journal of Social Psychology, 1(1), 3-30. doi: 10.1080/00224545.1930.9714128

Tiwari, T., Singh, A. L, & Singh, I. L. (2009). The Short-Form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire: A Hindi edition (EPQRS-H). Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 18(1), 27-31. doi: 10.4103/0972-6748.57854

Vittengl, J. R. (2017). Who pays the price for high neuroticism? Moderators of longitudinal risks for depression and anxiety. Psychological Medicine, 47(10), 1794-1805. doi: 10.1017/S0033291717000253

Widiger, T. A. (2009). Neuroticism. En M. R. Leary & R. H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (pp. 129-146). New York, NY: Guilford.

Widiger, T. A., & Oltmanns, J. R. (2017). Neuroticism is a fundamental domain of personality with enormous public health implications. World Psychiatry, 16(2), 144-145. doi: 10.1002/wps.20411

Woodworth, R. S. (1919). Personal Data Sheet. Chicago, IL: C. H. Stoelting.

Zambrano-Cruz, R. (2011). Revisión sistemática del Cuestionario de Personalidad de Eysenck (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - EPQ). Liberabit, 17(2), 147-155. Recuperado de http://revistaliberabit.com/es

Ziegler, M., Kemper, C. J., & Kruyen, P. (2014). Short scales-Five misunderstandings and ways to overcome them. Journal of Individual Differences, 35(4), 185-189. doi: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000148

Zuckerman, M. (2005). Psychobiology of personality (2ª ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University. doi: 10.1017/cbo9780511813733

Downloads

Published

2019-04-03

Issue

Section

Investigaciones originales

How to Cite

Adaptive Evaluation of Neuroticism through the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. (2019). Revista Evaluar, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.35670/1667-4545.v19.n1.23877