Importância da análise de glicoalcalóides (α-solanina e α-chaconina) pelo consumo de batata em habitantes pré-hispânicos da América pré-hispânica habitantes pré-hispânicos da América
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31048/1852.4826.v17.n2.44433Palavras-chave:
Doenças, Alimentos, História, CultivoResumo
Em todas as Américas, as sociedades pré-colombianas apresentavam diversas práticas alimentares; no entanto, diferentes países compartilhavam alimentos comuns. Um exemplo é a batata, um tubérculo que tem sido um alimento básico na dieta desde os tempos antigos. As batatas contêm glicoalcalóides, uma classe de alcalóides que, quando ingeridos em altas concentrações, podem representar riscos de toxicidade para humanos e animais. O objetivo deste estudo é fornecer orientações sobre os glicoalcalóides presentes nas batatas e recomendar que a pesquisa sobre esses compostos seja realizada em materiais arqueológicos que foram destinados à alimentação em todos os países das Américas. Essa sugestão surge da ausência de estudos dessa natureza, especialmente quando os achados arqueológicos incluem grânulos de amido de batata. Vários bancos de dados foram revisados para encontrar informações históricas sobre a batata e indicar os principais aspectos da química dos glicoalcalóides relacionados ao tubérculo. As principais descobertas indicam a importância da batata nas culturas pré-colombianas das Américas, especialmente nas regiões ao longo da cordilheira dos Andes. A investigação da composição nutricional revelou que dois glicoalcalóides predominantes podem ser encontrados no tubérculo: α-solanina e α-chaconina. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre esses compostos tóxicos para entender sua importância, propriedades químicas, funções botânicas, metabolismo em humanos, além de possíveis problemas de saúde, limites de toxicidade e as várias técnicas analíticas disponíveis para sua detecção e quantificação. A identificação dessas moléculas torna-se importante em contextos arqueológicos, pois sua presença pode levar a investigações sobre possíveis doenças predominantes na população da época.
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