A History of Lithic Technological Studies  in the Paleoindian Archaeology in the United States of America

Bethany Potter; Frederic  Sellet

doi:10.31048/1852.4826.v16.n1.38778

Autores/as

Bethany Potter
Frederic Sellet

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31048/1852.4826.v16.n1.38778

Palabras clave:

Análisis lítico, Tecnología lítica, Historia de la arqueología, Arqueología norteamericana, Paleoindio, Clovis, Folsom

Resumen

Durante mucho tiempo, los análisis líticos han ocupado el centro de los estudios paleoindios en los Estados Unidos, y pese a cambios cruciales que se introdujeron el método y la orientación, los primeros enfoques tipológicos siguen ejerciendo una influencia importante en la comprensión de los conjuntos paleoindios por parte de los arqueólogos. Este capítulo refuta estos enfoques normativos y sustenta perspectivas dinámicas sobre el comportamiento humano. Lo hace delineando las contribuciones históricas de los estudios tecnológicos a la disciplina, desde las primeras influencias europeas hasta los marcos más holísticos que se emplean en la actualidad. Nuestra discusión resalta tres fases de desarrollo fundamentales, a partir de un trabajo experimental clave en el punto de Folsom a mediados del siglo XX. Esto condujo a una mayor atención en los aspectos tecnológicos de la producción y el uso de herramientas. La segunda fase está particularmente influida por el desarrollo de la arqueología procesual, que tuvo un marcado efecto en la conceptualización de los conjuntos líticos. Generó gran cantidad de enfoques sistémicos centrados en la economía de las materias primas líticas. Por último, y más recientemente, el auge de los estudios ecológicos culturales ha remodelado nuevamente este panorama al crear modos de análisis que entienden la tecnología lítica como una adaptación estratégica en lugar de un fósil cultural. Para integrar estos desarrollos dentro del campo más amplio de los estudios paleoindios, hemos consideramos artículos seminales y su función en el anuncio de nuevas orientaciones, junto con datos que ilustran estas tendencias en la publicación.

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