Estrategias ejecutivas de búsqueda, recuperación y cambio en la fluidez verbal

Ana García Coni; Jorge Vivas

doi:10.35670/1667-4545.v14.n1.11520

Autores/as

Ana García Coni Centro de Investigación en Procesos Básicos, Metodología y Educación, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina. CONICET, Argentina. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6304-7880
Jorge Vivas Centro de Investigación en Procesos Básicos, Metodología y Educación, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina. CONICET, Argentina. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8648-2562

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35670/1667-4545.v14.n1.11520

Palabras clave:

fluidez verbal, flexibilidad cognitiva, clusters, switching

Resumen

Las tareas de fluidez verbal suelen dividirse en semántica -evocar palabras de una categoría- y fonológica -evocar palabras que empiecen con una determinada letra-, y conllevan un tiempo limitado. En dichas tareas intervienen la búsqueda y la recuperación de palabras -lo cual requiere flexibilidad cognitiva, memoria de trabajo e inhibición (componente ejecutivo)- y la organización, capacidad e integridad del almacén léxico-semántico (componente asociativo). El primer componente se manifiesta en la cantidad de subagrupamientos (clusters) y de saltos entre ellos (switching) que un sujeto pueda hacer, y el segundo, en el tamaño de los clusters. Para estudiarlos se administraron tareas de fluidez verbal semántica (animales) y fonológica (letra p) a 133 niños de 1°, 3° y 5° año de EPB de Mar del Plata. Se halló un aumento del control cognitivo en 3er año, asociado a una mejor fluidez, pero no se encontraron cambios en el componente asociativo.

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Citas

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