Variedad y dinámica metacognitiva de niños y niñas de primer grado en una actividad notacional

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Mariano Claudio Lazzeri
Ana Clara Ventura

Abstract

Introducción: La mayor parte de los estudios sobre metacognición temprana se han centrado en niños/as menores de 5 años. Por ello poco se conoce sobre la variedad y la dinámica de procesos metacognitivos que despliegan niños y niñas entre las edades de 6 y 8 años a pesar de que resulta conocido que los primeros años de la educación primaria constituyen un desafío cualitativamente diferente respecto al nivel inicial. Objetivo: analizar la variedad de procesos metacognitivos que cubren las tres áreas de la regulación (metaconocimientos, regulación cognitiva y regulación emocional) que ponen en juego niños y niñas de primer grado durante la producción de una actividad notacional de dibujo, escritura y numerales, así como el dinamismo de dichos procesos metacognitivos acuerdo a las fases de la regulación (anticipación, realización y reflexión). Metodología: Participaron 60 alumnos/as de primer grado de una Escuela Pública de zona urbana de la ciudad de San Carlos de Bariloche. Para este trabajo seleccionamos intencionalmente ocho niños/as cuyos desempeños dieran cuenta del arco total de procesos metacognitivos relevados preliminarmente en la muestra total. Los niños/as realizaron una actividad de producción notacional de dibujo, escritura y numerales compuesta por 11 ítems orientados a su presentación personal. Se llevó a cabo un análisis detallado y en profundidad de videos para identificar la variedad de procesos metacognitivos desplegados y describir su dinámica. Resultados: En cuanto a la variedad, identificamos un arco de procesos que dan cuenta de las tres áreas de la metacognición. En cuanto la dinámica, observamos que un mismo proceso metacognitivo puede co-ocurrir en fases diferentes de la autorregulación. Conclusión: Estos resultados aportan evidencias al campo de la metacognición temprana acerca de la imbricación dinámica de las áreas y sus procesos, cuestionando estudios reduccionistas o dualistas. Se delinean las limitaciones de este estudio y sus implicancias educativas.

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References

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