Efecto insecticida y antifúngico de aceites esenciales obtenidos de la cáscara de limón, naranja y pomelo de Argentina
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El objetivo fue estudiar la bioactividad de los aceites esenciales (AE) extraídos de la cáscara de cítricos cosechados en plantaciones argentinas contra diferentes especies de insectos y hongos de interés agronómico. La composición química de los AE se determinó por cromatografía gaseosa y espectrometría de masas; la actividad insecticida se evaluó con ensayos de toxicidad fumigante y por contacto; la actividad antifúngica se determinó mediante ensayos fumigantes. El AE de naranja fue el más efectivo contra Rhyzopertha dominica, Oryzaephilus spp. y Sitophilus granarius por fumigación (LC50= 89,39; 94,50 y 163,64 µL/L aire, respectivamente); mientras que la toxicidad por contacto de los AEs varió según la especie de insecto. Rhizoctonia solanii fue más susceptible a los AEs de limón Industria 1 y naranja (MIC=10,77 y 11,02 µL/placa, respectivamente) mientras que S. rolfsii fue más inhibido por el AE de limón Industria 2 (MIC= 52,40 µL/placa). Algunos compuestos presentes en los AEs, que podrían ser responsables de estas bioactividades, fueron: limoneno, linalol, carvona, α-pineno, β-pineno, β-mirceno, α-terpineol, terpinen-4-ol, oxido de limoneno, β-felandreno, γ-terpineno, sabineno, neral, neril acetato, β-cariofileno y p-cimeno. Los AEs obtenidos podrían usarse contra diferentes pestes, contribuyendo a la valorización de los residuos de la industria citrícola.
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